全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2832篇 |
免费 | 243篇 |
国内免费 | 429篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2535篇 |
晶体学 | 24篇 |
力学 | 193篇 |
综合类 | 26篇 |
数学 | 562篇 |
物理学 | 164篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 49篇 |
2022年 | 57篇 |
2021年 | 101篇 |
2020年 | 125篇 |
2019年 | 121篇 |
2018年 | 80篇 |
2017年 | 106篇 |
2016年 | 130篇 |
2015年 | 75篇 |
2014年 | 129篇 |
2013年 | 210篇 |
2012年 | 130篇 |
2011年 | 135篇 |
2010年 | 121篇 |
2009年 | 143篇 |
2008年 | 134篇 |
2007年 | 172篇 |
2006年 | 170篇 |
2005年 | 160篇 |
2004年 | 160篇 |
2003年 | 176篇 |
2002年 | 112篇 |
2001年 | 99篇 |
2000年 | 84篇 |
1999年 | 73篇 |
1998年 | 59篇 |
1997年 | 73篇 |
1996年 | 56篇 |
1995年 | 63篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3504条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Dr. Alexandra R. McNeill Dr. Rodrigo Martinez-Gazoni Prof. Roger J. Reeves Prof. Martin W. Allen Prof. Alison J. Downard 《Chemphyschem》2021,22(13):1344-1351
ZnO is a strong candidate for transparent electronic devices due to its wide band gap and earth-abundance, yet its practical use is limited by its surface metallicity arising from a surface electron accumulation layer (SEAL). The SEAL forms by hydroxylation of the surface under normal atmospheric conditions, and is present at all crystal faces of ZnO, although with differing hydroxyl structures. Multilayer aryl films grafted from aryldiazonium salts have previously been shown to decrease the downward bending at O-polar ZnO thin films, with Zn−O−C bonds anchoring the aryl films to the substrate. Herein we show that the Zn-polar (0001), O-polar (000 ), and non-polar m-plane (10 0) faces of ZnO single crystals, can also be successfully electrografted with nitrophenyl (NP) films. In all cases, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements reveal that the downward surface band bending decreases after modification. XPS provides strong evidence for Zn−O−C bonding at each face. Electrochemical reduction of NP films on O-polar ZnO single crystals converts the film to a mainly aminophenyl layer, although with negligible further change in band bending. This contrasts with the large upward shifts in band bending caused by X-ray induced reduction. 相似文献
62.
Gafarova Yu. T. Dekhtyar" E. F. Dekhtyar" T. F. Fatykhov A. A. Spirikhin L. V. Vostrikova O. S. Zlotskii S. S. Dokichev V. A. 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2003,52(4):1003-1008
Under mild conditions, trialkylalanes (Et3Al and Bui
3Al) in chlorine-containing solvents (CH2Cl2 or ClCH2CH2Cl) react with cyclic acetals and orthoformates to form glycol monoethers and dialkylacetals, respectively, in high yields. The 1H NMR spectroscopic data demonstrate that CH2Cl2 or ClCH2CH2Cl interacts with Bui
3Al. 相似文献
63.
64.
以支撑磷脂双层膜(supported bilayer lipid membrane, s-BLM)作为生物膜模型, 利用Fenton体系产生羟自由基(hydroxyl free radical, •OH), 采用循环伏安法研究了s-BLM与•OH之间的相互作用. 结果表明: •OH通过与磷脂发生化学反应, 诱发s-BLM上形成孔洞或缺陷, 这种作用对时间、FeSO4和H2O2的浓度具有依赖性, 且不可恢复. 具有还原性基团的抗氧化剂维生素C, 还原型谷胱甘肽和L-半胱氨酸, 通过与•OH发生氧化还原反应, 可抑制•OH与s-BLM的相互作用, 降低•OH对s-BLM结构的破坏程度. 相似文献
65.
Starting from the natural neo-clerodane diterpenoid teubotrin (1) several neo-clerodane derivatives (3-7,9-11) have been obtained. The naturally occurring diterpenoid teuscordinon (12) has also been synthesized from teubotrin (1), showing thereby how some of these transformations can be useful for the synthesis of other natural neo-clerodane diterpenes. The latter are of interest due to their activity as insect antifeedants and other important biological properties. 相似文献
66.
I. V. Shchirina-Eingorn L. N. Novikova N. A. Ustynyuk L. I. Denisovich M. G. Peterleitner 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1996,45(7):1608-1610
The roe of oxidatively induced homolyhc scission a the C(sp3)-H bonds in the iron phenykychhexadienyl complexes Fe(5-6-PhC6H6)(5-C5H5) (1) depends on the spatial orientation of the Ph substitutent. In the case of the (1
endo
+) radical cation this process, resulting in the cationic biphenyl complex (Fe(6 -C6H5C6H5)(5-C5H5)]+ (2
+), is fast and proceeds for several minutes. In the case of the more stable radical cation (1
exo
+) the formation of 2+ is slow and takes tens minutes to complete.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1698–1700, July, 1996. 相似文献
67.
Discharge performance of K2FeO4 electrode under different conditions was studied by the constant electric current discharge method. The electrochemical characteristics of K2FeO4 electrode were investigated for the first time by means of cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the K2FeO4 electrode made at moderate pressure (20MPa) and discharged at lower current has better discharge performance. It is also found that K2FeO4 electrode is significantly rechargeable. 相似文献
68.
Subash C. Raghu Sheela Berchmans Dr. Kanala L. Phani Dr. Venkatraman Yegnaraman Dr. 《化学:亚洲杂志》2007,2(6):775-781
This paper describes the formation of catalytically active thin films of Pt, Pt/Au, and Pt/Ru on gold substrates stabilized by amine‐terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. A monolayer of dendrimer is initially self‐assembled on the gold substrate, which serves as a template for the growth of catalytically active thin films. As dendrimers contain tens to hundreds of functional groups at the periphery, the aggregate strength of the multidentate interactions with the gold substrate leads to the formation of robust films. The films were found to exhibit high catalytic activity for the oxidation of small hydrocarbons such as methanol. Such films offer versatility and scope for the design of effective electrocatalysts, especially in the context of microfuel cells and “dendrichips”; hence, they could find applications in the fields of sensors, fuel cells, and waste‐water treatment. 相似文献
69.
A polymer film of tetra(p-aminophenyl) porphyrin nickel was obtained at a glassy carbon electrode by a cyclic voltammetric method. Cyclic voltammograms of the film electrode exhibited two stable redox waves with anodic peak potential at 0.43V and cathodic peak potential at 0.30 V in 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution. The electrocatalytic characteristics of the film electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry, a. c. impedance analysis and other methods. The oxidation peak current increased linearly with the addition of acetaminophen to the aqueous NaOH medium in the range 1 × 10–6–2 × 10–4
M acetaminophen. The performance of the electrode was verified by the determination of acetaminophen in a paracetamol preparation. 相似文献
70.
Electrochemical behavior of poly-o-phenylenediamine (PoPhD) films in lithium perchlorate and perchloric acid solutions of different pH and constant ionic strength is studied using cyclic voltammetry, low-amplitude chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, and faradaic-impedance spectroscopy. The experimental results point to the diffusion–migration kinetics of charge transfer processes in redox-active PoPhD films and show that two such processes occur during oxidation–reduction of PoPhD. The processes are separated most fully at low concentrations of hydronium ions. Effect of the electrode potential and electrolyte composition on these processes is examined. Different methods yield similar results and permit their more reliable interpretation. 相似文献