不同沙粒底面下气泡脉动特性实验研究

通过高速摄影系统对电火花气泡与不同沙粒底面间的相互作用进行了实验研究,并改变气泡与沙粒底面之间的距离.实验结果表明:气泡在与沙粒底面的相互作用中会产生两种明显不同的现象,即形成与近刚性壁面类似的气泡射流以及“蘑菇状”气泡,“蘑菇状”气泡撕裂形成两个气泡,随后产生两个反方向的沿轴线方向的射流.沙粒底面边界具有刚性与弹性两种特征.另外,随着气泡与沙粒底面之间的距离d的增大,气泡脉动周期先增大然后减小,存在气泡脉动周期峰值.对于不同的沙粒底面边界,出现气泡脉动周期峰值的距离d随着沙底粒径的增大而越小.     

超声波作用下泡群的共振声响应

从球状泡群气泡动力学方程出发, 考虑泡群间次级声辐射的影响, 得到了声场中两泡群共同存在时气泡振动的动力学方程, 并以此为基础探讨声波驱动下双泡群振动系统的共振响应特征. 由于泡群间气泡间的相互作用, 系统存在低频共振和高频共振现象, 两不同共振频率的数值与泡群内气泡的本征频率相关. 泡群内气泡的本征频率又受到初始半径、泡群大小和泡群内气泡数量的影响. 气泡自由振动和驱动声波的耦合激起泡群内气泡的受迫振动, 气泡初始半径、气泡数密度和驱动声波频率等都会影响泡群内气泡的振动幅值和初相位. 关键词： 气泡群 共振 声响应 超声空化     

气泡在自由液面破碎后的射流断裂现象研究

在势流假设下, 考虑表面张力以及黏性修正, 建立自由液面在气泡破碎后全非线性运动的数值模型, 给出射流断裂和水滴撕裂的数值处理方法. 同时进行上浮气泡在自由液面破裂的实验研究, 数值解与实验值符合良好.为了研究自由液面在气泡破碎后的运动学机理和规律, 运用开发的程序研究了不同尺寸气泡破碎后的动态特性, 包括从气泡底部顶起的射流、射流断裂以及水滴分裂等复杂的物理现象, 总结了从射流上撕裂出的第一个水滴尺寸、撕裂时间以及最大射流速度的变化规律. 最后讨论了雷诺数与韦伯数对气泡破碎后自由液面运动的影响. 关键词： 气泡 自由液面 破碎 断裂     

Scattering experiments on polymer solutions

Laser light-scattering characterization of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) in a perfluoroalkane (perfluorotetracosane) or oligomers of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) at temperatures near the crystalline melting point of PTFE and studies of the coil-to-globule transition for polystyrene in cyclohexane are reviewed. Discussions on approach to solving some experimental problems are emphasized. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Dynamics of General Relativistic Spherically Symmetric Dust Thick Shells

We consider a spherical thick shell immersed in two different spherically symmetric space-times. Using the fact that the boundaries of the thick shell with two embedding space-times must be nonsingular hypersurfaces, we develop a scheme to obtain the underlying equation of motion for the thick shell in general. As a simple example, the equation of motion of a spherical dustlike shell in vacuum is obtained. To compare our formalism with the thin shell one, the dynamical equation of motion of the thick shell is then expanded to the first order of its thickness. It is easily seen that the thin shell limit of our dynamical equation is exactly that given in the literature for the dynamics of a thin shell. It turns out that the effect of thickness is to speed up the collapse of the shell.     

Comments on the evolving field of sonochemistry by a cavitation physicist

Sonochemistry is an evolving field that has shown recent rapid growth and increasing interest. Although this field concentrates on chemistry and uses acoustics principally as a tool, the basic mechanism that gives rise to sonochemistry — acoustic cavitation — is often ignored or given little attention. This paper addresses some of the relevant aspects of cavitation and physical acoustics that apply to sonochemistry.     

Liquid vorticity computation in non‐spherical bubble dynamics

The purpose of this work is to compare efficiency of a number of numerical techniques of computation of liquid vorticity from non‐spherical bubble oscillations. The techniques based on the finite‐difference method (FDM), the collocation method (one with differentiating (CMd) the integral boundary condition and another without it (CM)) and the Galerkin method (GM) have been considered. The central‐difference approximations are used in FDM. Sinus functions are chosen as the basis in GM. Problems of decaying a small distortion of the spherical shape of a bubble and dynamics of a bubble under harmonic liquid pressure variation with various parameters are used for comparison. The FDM technique has been found to be most efficient in all the cases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液体介质中的空泡发光现象及其他

空泡广泛存在于自然界中，理论和实验表明，空泡在坍塌时可以将能量密度提高-10^12倍，发出皮秒级超短脉冲闪光，文章对液体介质中的空泡规律和常用研究方法进行了描述，主要内容包括空泡动力学、声致发光、冲击波产生、激光空泡及空泡应用前景介绍。     

用MATLAB求解二元理想体系的泡露点问题

通过MATLAB工程计算软件，采用步长法、二分法、迭代法和黄金分割法等多种方法．求解了二元理想体系的泡露点问题．结果表明，几种计算值都能与手算值吻合地很好．相对误差远远小于1％，完全满足工程要求；用MATLAB内部函数Solve计算最为便捷．