Investigation of thin TiO2 films cosputtered with Si species

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) films were fabricated by cosputtering titanium (Ti) target and SiO₂ or Si slice with ion-beam-sputtering deposition (IBSD) technique and were postannealed at 450 °C for 6 h. The variations of oxygen bonding, which included high-binding-energy oxygen (HBO), bridging oxygen (BO), low-binding-energy oxygen (LBO), and three chemical states of titanium (Ti⁴⁺, Ti³⁺ and Ti²⁺) were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The enhancement of HBO and reduction of BO in O 1s spectra as functions of SiO₂ or Si amount in cosputtered film imply the formation of Si-O-Ti linkage. Corresponding increase of Ti³⁺ in Ti 2p spectra further confirmed the property modification of the cosputtered film resulting from the variation of the chemical bonding. An observed correlation between the chemical structure and optical properties, refractive index and extinction coefficient, of the SiO₂ or Si cosputtered films demonstrated that the change of chemical bonding in the film results in the modification of optical properties. Furthermore, it was found that the optical properties of the cosputtered films were strongly depended on the cosputtering targets. In case of the Si cosputtered films both the refractive indices and extinction coefficients were reduced after postannealing, however, the opposite trend was observed in SiO₂ cosputtered films.     

Pilot Study: Understanding the Effects of Voicing Intervention on HFCC Therapy in People with Cystic Fibrosis

The efficacy of High-Frequency Chest Compression (HFCC) airway clearance therapy is linked to the induced-peak expiratory airflow pulse (IPEF) at the patient's mouth. The authors' goal was to determine the conditions that yield the highest IPEF using HFCC running at 6 Hz in conjunction with voicing intervention. A pilot experimental study was conducted in a laboratory setting. Six adults with moderate to mild cystic fibrosis (CF) and 10 healthy adults participated. When the component characteristics of voicing were disregarded in data analysis of four conditions, voicing only intervention (V₁I₀), HFCC only intervention (V₀I₁), voicing intervention and HFCC intervention combinations (V₁I₁) and nonintervention (V₀I₀), V₀I₁ had significantly higher (P < 0.0001) IPEF. Data analyses of 64 separate voicing component characteristics, frequency (×4), amplitude (×4), and rhythm (×2) of voicing intervention, in addition to absence and presence of HFCC intervention (V₁I₀ and V₁I₁), were examined. One condition in V₁I₀ had significantly higher (P < 0.000001) IPEF than other conditions in V₁I₀ and V₁I₁ in both experimental and control groups. Based on these findings, V₁I₁ may yield higher IPEF than V₀I₁. One condition of amplitude component of voicing and one condition of rhythm component of voicing had significantly higher (P < 0.0001) IPEF than other conditions of amplitude and rhythm components in both CF and control subjects. Analysis of this combined condition of V₁I₁ showed that this specific condition of V₁I₁ had significantly higher (P < 0.000001) IPEF than any other conditions in V₁I₁ and V₀I₁.     

Yb3+,Er3+:YAG透明陶瓷的制备和1.5 μm波段光谱性能研究

采用固相法和真空烧结技术制备了5at%Yb³⁺,2at％Er³⁺:YAG透明陶瓷.在1760 ℃真空烧结30 h后, 陶瓷样品具有较高透过率.SEM观察表明制备的透明陶瓷在晶粒和晶界处无气孔、第二相的存在.样品的吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测试结果表明: Yb³⁺在940nm波长处有具有较强的吸收系数.样品在1030nm波长的荧光寿命仅为0.274 ms,以及在1.5μm波段的荧光衰减寿命曲线中,初始的荧光强度呈上升趋势,这些表明了Yb,Er:YA 关键词： Er Yb:YAG透明陶瓷 1.5 μm荧光光谱 Judd-Ofelt理论     

缓冲层提高有机聚合物光伏电池性能研究

在分析有机聚合物复合体光伏电池机理及等效电路模型基础上,研究了界面旋涂缓冲层对聚合物给体/受体复合体结构光伏器件性能的影响.制备了基于P3HT/PCBM的给体 受体复合体薄膜有机光伏电池,并分别在有机活性层和ITO基底之间以及有机活性层和电极之间插入TFB和F8BT缓冲层.实验证明：在ITO和活性层之间旋涂TFB作为阳极缓冲层,可增加有机聚合物光伏器件的短路电流,在活性层和电极之间插入F8BT作为阴极缓冲层,可增大光伏器件的开路电压,提高器件的转换效率.     

A Novel Device for Single Particle Light Scattering Size Analysis and Concentration Measurement at High Pressures and Temperatures

Based on the findings of previous work, a novel instrument was developed for the size analysis and concentration measurement of particles dispersed in gases at high temperatures (600 °C) and pressures (16 bar). The main motivation for the construction of this device was a measurement requirement at the conditions of a pressurized pulverized coal combustion (PPCC) test installation in Dorsten, Germany. The development of a high efficiency (> 50 %), coal based, combined cycle process, and specifically, the development of efficient gas cleaning technology for gas combustion under demanding conditions (1400 °C and 16 bar) was the main target. A suitable measurement technique was required for the determination of particle size and concentration downstream of the gas cleaning equipment, which is able to operate close to the given conditions. The performance of the novel device was tested in several measurement series with various monodisperse aerosols at ambient conditions as well as in high pressure, high temperature situations with very satisfactory results, i.e., the lower detection limit (50 % counting efficiency at ca. 0.3 μm) and resolution of the novel device are comparable to state of the art instruments (of the same principle) intended for room temperature operation.     

中高能电子电离He原子的二重微分截面

这篇文章用BBK和DS3C模型,计算了入射能为100,200,300,400和600 eV等中、高能情况下,电子入射电离He原子的二重微分截面(DDCS),给出了散射电子和敲出电子截面的角分布.散射电子和敲出电子的二重微分截面分别通过敲出电子和散射电子三重微分截面(TDCS)在全空间的角度积分而得到,所有的理论结果与有效的实验测量进行了比较.研究表明:除400和600 ev的高入射能之外,理论结果均能与绝对测量的实验结果较好的符合.     

锗单晶体变温霍尔效应实验数据的处理

采用微机控制和数字式数据采集系统,在变温环境下(77~420 K)对长为6.0 mm、宽为4.0 mm、厚为0.6 mm的锗样品薄片进行霍尔效应相关数据测量;通过对测量的霍尔电压作数据处理得到锗的霍尔系数RH(T)、电导率σ(T)和霍尔迁移率μH(T)与温度的依赖关系.该实验结果对学生理解半导体物理中的相关知识有重要意义.     

Spectral anomalies of diffracted chirped Gaussian pulses and their potential applications

Starting from the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral and without invoking the paraxial approximation, analytical expressions for the field distribution, far-field power spectrum and temporal far-field distribution of chirped Gaussian pulses diffracted at a circular aperture are derived, which enables us to study the spectral anomalous behavior of diffracted chirped Gaussian pulses in the far field. The potential applications of spectral anomalies of ultrashort pulses are discussed. It is found that at the critical angle the spectral switch appears. The frequency difference between the two equal heights of spectral switches increases and the corresponding critical diffraction angle slightly increases as the chirp parameter increases and pulse duration decreases. In a certain region of the truncation parameter, the critical angle decreases with increasing truncation parameter. By suitably varying the pulse duration, chirp parameter and truncation parameter, information encoding and transmission are achievable in the use of chirped Gaussian pulses.     

Value at risk calculation through ARCH factor methodology: Proposal and comparative analysis

In this paper we put forward a new method to estimate value at risk (VaR), autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (ARCH) factor, which combines multivariate analysis with ARCH models. Firstly, from a set of correlated portfolio risk factors, we derive a smaller uncorrelated risk factors set, by applying multivariate analysis. Secondly, we use ARCH schemes to model uncorrelated factors historical behaviour. Thirdly, we use the estimated models to predict future values for factors standard deviation. From them, VaR calculation is immediate. In this way, ARCH factor methodology overcomes the multivariate ARCH models drawbacks, which, in practice, make these unworkable for VaR calculation purposes. We apply the proposed methodology over a set of foreign exchange risk exposed portfolios, obtaining better results than those reached when J.P. Morgan’s Riskmetrics is used.     

Catalytic isomerisation of alkenes by Fe(CO)4

Photolysis of alkene solutions of iron dodecacarbonyl at wavelengths greater than 500 nm causes dissociation into Fe(CO)₄. With ethylene and propen