微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定稀释沥青中23种元素

稀释沥青是一种中间产品,主要用于生产沥青。目前稀释沥青中元素含量的测定方法较少,前处理过程繁琐。本文采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定稀释沥青中铝、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴等23种元素,对研究稀释沥青各元素组成,具有重要意义。通过选择合适的前处理方式,最终采用微波消解稀释沥青,优化样品称样量、消解试剂、赶酸温度,通过引入内标元素对非质谱干扰进行校正,通过调谐优化仪器参数、碰撞反应池He模式、干扰方程、选择合适同位素等手段对质谱干扰进行了校正。样品进行测定时采用45Sc、72Ge、115In、209Bi作为内标元素,对方法的检出限、精密度、准确度等进行考察。在优化的试验条件下,23种元素在一定的质量浓度范围内与其信号强度呈线性关系,标准曲线线性良好,相关系数在0. 9990~1.0000之间,方法的检出限在0.0005~1.02mg/kg之间,方法用加标回收测定回收率,回收率范围在80.0~110.5%之间,对稀释沥青样品平行测定7次,测定值的相对标准偏差在0.47~3.09%之间。利用该方法对进口稀释沥青进行23种元素进行测定,满足国家标准对各项技术指标参数的要求,检出限低,选择性好,结果准确可靠,为稀释沥青类样品中多种元素分析测定提供了新的参考方法。     

老化作用下沥青集料界面力学行为研究

为了探究老化对沥青混合料界面力学性能的影响,将不同温度老化处理的沥青制成的三明治试件进行剪切试验以模拟实际路面发生的破坏情况。通过分析应力-剪切位移的关系与界面破坏情况,研究在不同程度老化作用下沥青集料界面剪切破坏与沥青内部剪切破坏机理,并根据本试验的情况在已有的模型基础上完善出相对符合本试验的理论模型。试验结果表明:每组试验均产生单波峰与双波峰曲线,通过开尔文模型可知,之所以出现双波峰情况,是沥青弹性与粘性的共同作用导致的。随着沥青老化程度的加深,沥青流变性能降低,沥青集料界面的粘附性呈下降趋势,沥青的凝聚性呈先下降后上升趋势,老化加深到一定程度时,双波峰迅速减少,单波峰迅速增加,原因是随着老化程度的加深,沥青凝聚性反向增强,界面破坏只发生在沥青集料界面。     

沥青混合料的低频疲劳效应研究

已有文献表明加载频率对于疲劳寿命的影响较大，对于沥青砼而言，其影响可能更显著，因为在低频条件下，其流变性能表现得更充分．笔者根据沥青混合料的室内低频疲劳试验，运用耗散能理论，得到了沥青混合料的低频疲劳规律．     

Polymer Nanocomposites in Building,Construction

Nanotechnology is an enabling technology allowing to do new things in almost every conceivable area. Initial efforts to exploit nanoscience/nanotechnology development in the construction industry focused mainly on understanding phenomena and improving performance of existing materials. Recently, polymer nanocomposites started to be introduced in other areas like the construction industry.

Polymer nanocomposite field attracts considerable attention these days due to a variety of potential practical applications. They have offered a great opportunity in sustainable construction/green building application due to their efficiency and environmental protection. Their use in the construction industry is still less known outside the research area. This paper is a short review of recent studies done in this area, taking into account that some nano based materials are ready to be used by the construction industry. This review covers some studies done in the polymer nanocomposite applications in construction basic materials such as concrete, asphalt, thermal and sound insulation, adhesives, coatings, plastics and in energy.     

Pavement temperature influence on close proximity tire/road noise

The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of the surface temperature on the acoustical behaviour of a semidense asphalt pavement located in an urban area. The sound levels emitted by the interaction between a reference tire and the asphalt pavement at different surface temperatures were measured with the trailer Tiresonic Mk4 LA²IC-UCLM rolling at a speed of 50 km/h. The analysis of the results shows that increasing pavement temperature leads to a reduction in the close proximity sound levels assessed at a rate of 0.06 dB(A)/°C. Moreover, spectral analysis confirms that both the mechanisms associated with vibration and impacts and those related to the friction and adhesion between tire and pavement in the contact patch could be affected by the variation of the surface temperature.     

基于FE/EFG耦合方法的沥青路面裂纹扩展模拟

沥青路面裂纹在行车荷载下的裂纹扩展规律对于沥青路面的设计、维护具有重要的指导意义.通过预切口沥青混合料小梁疲劳试验,利用无网格伽辽金/有限元耦合方法,对沥青路面表面裂纹扩展进行了数值模拟,研究了面层厚度、面层模量、基层厚度、基层模量对裂纹扩展的影响规律.结果显示:随着预切口距离加载中心距离的增大,沥青混合料小梁的疲劳寿命增大,裂纹尖端的Ⅰ型应力强度因子减小,裂纹所表现出的Ⅱ型特性增 强;在沥青路面表面裂纹扩展过程中,应力强度因子经历一个急剧上升,达到一个极值后缓慢下降,然后又缓慢上升,最后急剧增加的过程;随面层、基层厚度的增加,表面裂纹尖端的应力强度因子降低;面层、基层模量对裂纹扩展路径的影响较大.     

Ultrathin porous pavement made with high viscosity asphalt rubber binder: A better acoustic absorption?

This work presents a non-destructive technique applied to ultrathin porous asphalt pavements that allows us to characterize their internal structure. Comparison between acoustic absorption data from experimental tests with an impedance tube and analytical simulation leads to an optimization of intrinsic parameters, such as tortuosity, airflow resistivity and porosity. The studied ultrathin specimens are of a high air void content porous mixture made with conventional polymer modified bituminous binder and high viscosity rubber binder. It has been found that one of the studied mixtures presents less air void content than specified by the manufacturer, and thus absorbs less noise as foreseen. Finally, in this case it appears that using a high viscosity asphalt rubber binder has no influence on maximum acoustic absorption but on the frequency of appearance of this maximum, tortuosity and airflow resistivity.     

Influence of limestone fillers on combustion characteristics of asphalt mortar for pavements

Asphalt materials will be ignited and release significant toxic fumes within tunnel fires. Thus, combustion character- istics of asphalt materials used in road tunnel should be studied in order to limit such an adverse effect. In the present work we study the influence of limestone fillers on combustion characteristics of asphalt mortar by thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis. It is shown that the combustion of asphalt mortar is not just a linear superposition of asphalt and limestone. The limestone will increase the ignition point and the activation energy of the primary volatile release, and will catalyze the char formation from the primary volatile release. Kinetic analysis shows that the primary volatile release stage of asphalt mortar combustion can be explained by a three-dimensional diffusion model, the secondary volatile release and char combustion stage can be explained by a model under the assumption of random nucleation and nuclei growth, whereas the limestone decomposition stage appears to follow the one-dimensional phase boundary model.     

SBS改性沥青机理研究进展

介绍了沥青的特性、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SBS)的性能,分析了SBS与基质沥青之间的溶胀性和相容性问题,着重论述了SBS改性沥青机理的研究进展,指出机理主要分为物理共混和化学改性两类:物理共混——SBS微粒受到沥青组分中油分的作用发生溶胀而均匀分散在沥青中,SBS与沥青之间没有发生化学作用,只是一种分子间作用力;化学改性——加入添加剂使沥青和SBS之间发生加成、交联或接枝等化学反应,形成较强的共价键或离子键,改善沥青的化学性质。提出化学改性是提高SBS改性沥青路用性能的重要手段。