基于喷管节流的轴流转子非轴对称间隙布局研究

实际工作中的压气机转子叶尖间隙往往存在着非轴对称性,对压气机性能及稳定性产生影响.本文以上海交通大学LSRC压气机实验台的第一级转子为研究对象,开展了转子非轴对称间隙布局的数值模拟研究.在数值模拟中,通过在转子出口设置喷管的方式模拟节流过程,分析了喷管结构对压气机性能的影响,并对该方法与常规背压节流方法进行了对比验证....     

基于控制理论和N-S方程的二维叶栅气动优化算法

基于控制理论的气动优化方法的计算量与设计变量无关,可快速精确地完成控制变量的灵敏度分析.本文以出口熵增最小为目标函数,详细推导了二维 N-S 方程伴随系统的偏微分方程组及其相应的边界条件和敏感性导数的表达式.以拟牛顿算法为优化求解器,利用 CFD 方法求解流动变量,采用时间推进方法求解伴随方程,建立了基于黏性伴随方法和 N-S 方程的二维叶栅气动优化设计算法.     

Analysis of supersonic flow around two bodies of revolution near a surface

The results of experimental and numerical investigations of the peculiarities of flow around two identical cylindrical bodies of revolution of diameter D = 50 mm and the body aspect ratio λ = 5 with conical forebodies whose apex angles are θ = 40° and 60°, which are located above a horizontal surface in parallel with one another and with the flow, are presented for the Mach numbers M_∞ = 4.03, Reynolds numbers Re₁ ≈ 55·10⁶ m⁻¹, fixed distance from the surface Y = Δy/D = 0.96, and the gaps between their axes Z = Δz/D = 1.06−2.4. The peculiarities of three-dimensional turbulent separated flows realizing on the bodies and on the plate as well as the possibilities of predicting the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the bodies on the basis of numerical computations within the framework of the Euler equations are considered.     

Prediction of flow-generated noise produced by acoustic and aerodynamic interactions of multiple in-duct elements

Flow-generated noise problem caused by in-duct elements is due to the complicated acoustic and turbulent interactions of multiple in-duct flow noise sources. The approach of partially coherent sound fields used previously by Mak and Yang [C.M. Mak, J. Yang, Flow-generated noise radiated by the interaction of two strip spoilers in a low speed flow ducts, Acta Acust united with Acustica 88 (2002) 861–868] and Mak [C.M. Mak, A prediction method for aerodynamic sound produced by multiple elements in air ducts, J Sound Vib 287 (2005) 395–403] is adopted to formulate the sound powers produced by interactions of multiple elements at frequencies below and above the cut-on frequency of the lowest transverse duct mode. The study indicates that the level and spectral distribution of the additional acoustic energy produced by the interactions of multiple elements can be predicted based on the measured data with respect to the interactions. The proposed method can form a basis of a generalized prediction method for flow-generated noise produced by multiple elements. The application of the proposed method is supported by two engineering examples.     

涡轮静叶周向和轴向弯曲对其气动性能影响的研究

近年来，叶片弯曲在叶轮机械中得到厂越来越广泛的应用。众所周知，合适的周向弯曲或轴向弯曲能够提高叶轮机械的气动性能。但什么样的弯曲规律最好则取决于叶片的负荷与工况。本文试图通过对某大功率汽轮机未级导叶及其弯曲变形的气动计算与分析，深人探讨特定工况下不同弯曲规律对叶片气动性能的影响。文中采用有限体积时问推进法并结合多重网格法求解Ｎ－Ｓ方程，给出了不同弯曲叶型的流场和总体性能比较，详细分析并讨论了计算结果。     

Studies on the Aero-optical Phenomena of Free-vortex Aerodynamic Window′s Jet

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大功率汽轮机静叶栅损失发展的实验研究

对亚临界60万千万汽轮机高压第九级静叶原型和改型两套环形叶栅在零冲角下在低速风洞下进行了吹风实验研究.实验结果表明,与原型叶栅相比较,改型叶栅明显降低了流动损失.在设计工况下改型叶栅流道内的流动状况更为稳定,显著降低了二次流损失、端壁损失、吸力侧流动损失、尾迹损失.     

Determining the Time-Dependent Aerodynamic Characteristics by Calculating the Steady-State Flow Past Vehicles with a Modified Cross-Sectional Shape

A method of determining the time-dependent aerodynamic characteristics of flight vehicles by numerically calculating the steady-state flow past equivalent bodies is developed. The method can be rigorously validated if a hypothesis of local force interaction (in particular, the hypersonic piston analogy or the plane sections law) is adopted. The well-known curved-body method of V. V. Lunev is considerably improved by obtaining some new, aerodynamically equivalent vehicle shapes which maximally correspond (without the errors inherent in auxiliary transformations) to the postulated scheme of local calculation of the distributed aerodynamic forces. The technique developed makes it possible to calculate the combined effect of the angle of attack, the angular velocities, and the position of the center of oscillation on the damping coefficients. For vehicles in the shape of blunt circular cones the results obtained are in good agreement with the data calculated using the linear expansion method.     

利用多个导流装置降低大后壁车辆气动阻力的实验研究

安装在车辆尾部1边和2边上的导流装置在降低大后壁车辆气动阻力中的作用和机理已在前面的实验中得出,为了搞清安装在车辆尾部3边和4边上的导流装置在降低大后壁车辆气动阻力中的作用和机理,本文利用1/16缩比的公共汽车模型及两种类型的导流装置,在一带有可移动地面和边界层吸收装置的开放型风洞中,进行了在车辆后端面的上、下、侧边的3边和4边分别安装导流装置时车辆后部尾流区的压强恢复及气动阻力降低的实验。对每一组合的导流装置,其与车辆表面的间隙尺寸是从0mm增加到5mm,间隔为1mm。通过对不同组合、不同间隙的导流装置的压强恢复效果和阻力降低效果的实验对比和分析,最终找出了能使车辆的气动阻力降低16%左右的最佳位置组合,为新型车辆的设计和改造提供了有利依据。     

Aerodynamic heating in the region of shock and turbulent boundary layer interaction induced by a cylinder

Detailed distributions of heat flux in the region of shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction induced by a cylinder were measured in the shock tunnel. Oil flow patterns and Schlieren photographs were taken. Empirical relations were given for determining separation shock angle, peaks of heat flux and their locations on both cylinder leading edge and flat plate surface, and other characteristic parameters of the interaction region.