Independent research and development progress in large-scale wind turbine blade with coordinated aerodynamics,structure, and load

Abstract According to the three key elements in blade design process, i.e., aerodynamic design, structure design, and load prediction, the independent research and development (R&D) progress of blade design is summarized and analyzed. The calculational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the vortex method, and the blade element momentum method (BEM) are described. Based on the widely used BEM method, the solutions for the blade design in low-speed wind area are obtained. A brief overview of the traditional design and analysis methods based on beam models is given. The defects of these methods used for simulating the structure of large-scale composite blade are analyzed. The application progress of the finite element method (FEM) used in the blade structure analysis is shown. The effects of load prediction on the blades and entire wind turbine are introduced. The progress in load forecasting is described. With the analysis of the relationship among these three key elements, it is concluded that developing a blade optimization design system with coordinated aerodynamics, structure, and load will truly meet the requirement of high efficiency and low cost. The main directions for further study are pointed out, e.g., high efficiency and low load airfoils, structural nonlinear finite element analysis, aerodynamic structure coupling research, and establishing different design standards. The aim is to establish a blade R&D system suitable for the conditions of wind resources in China and promote the development of wind power in the country.     

火星探测器进入飞行气动测量方法研究

在火星探测任务的进入飞行过程中,开展气动测量将获取大量宝贵的气动特性数据,一方面可以验证进入探测器气动外形,掌握其准确的气动特性,另一方面,可以积累详实的火星大气数据,为后续任务提高落点精度等飞行性能提供支持. 本文针对火星探测器进入飞行任务,基于弹道重建和嵌入式大气数据传感系统(flushair data system, FADS),提出火星探测器进入飞行过程中的气动测量方法. 通过融合火星进入外测弹道信息,利用输出误差法实现攻角、侧滑角的高精度测量;基于嵌入式大气数据传感系统,利用最小二乘最优估计算法,建立了进入飞行动压的测量方法. 仿真分析表明,气动测量方案精度高,进入动压测量精度优于1%,攻角和侧滑角测量精度相较于当前火星探测器进入气动测量而言,至少提升1 个量级. 研究结果将为火星探测等深空探测任务的进入飞行气动测量提供技术参考.      

不同运动条件下足球气动力及流场分析

为了获得足球空气动力学特性,建立了计算模型,并利用Fluent 软件分别计算了无自旋及有自旋条件下的足球绕流场. 仿真结果与已有工作相比较为合理. 在无自旋条件下,通过分析足球表面极限流线发现接缝使得足球表面分离线与圆球明显不同,接缝深刻地影响三维分离情况,而且还会对足球所受升力大小产生影响;在自旋条件下,足球受到的Magnus力随旋转速度变大而变大;同时还发现,足球受到阻力也会随其旋转速度变大而变大. 最后,本文还以一粒定位球罚球为例考察了足球旋转对其运动轨迹的影响.     

离心压气机回流器三维气动优化设计

回流器作为多级离心压气机两级间非常重要的连接部件,其内部的二次流动十分显著。回流器的设计目标是以尽可能小的损失对上一级出口气体进行整流,减小下级叶轮进口处的流场畸变。本文通过对回流器流道和整流叶栅进行参数化建模,采用多岛遗传算法对某多级离心压气机回流器进行基于N-S方程数值求解的三维气动优化设计,着力于提高变工况条件下回流器的级等熵效率以及使变工况条件下回流器的出口气流角尽可能均匀。     

间隙尺寸对叶栅气动特性影响的实验研究

本文在低速风洞上对叶顶间隙尺寸为0.036 m的常规直叶栅的间隙中分面和上、下游及栅内的气动参数进行了详细的测量,并与黄洪雁博士对相同叶栅测量的0.023 m间隙尺寸下的实验数据进行了比较。通过对实验结果的分析和讨论,认为叶顶间隙的存在将在涡轮叶栅内引起沿叶高指向上端壁的二次流动,从而改善了下半叶展的流动性能,恶化了上半叶展的流动状态。在较大间隙下泄漏流动更加趋近上端壁,增强了壁面剪切效应,从而使得较大间隙的总压损失大于较小间隙。     

基于随机森林算法的非定常气动力建模研究

针对现有的非定常气动力建模方法对气动弹性预测的准确性和效率问题,将随机森林算法引入非定常气动力建模研究领域,构建了基于随机森林算法的非定常气动力降阶模型。将所得模型用于预测气动弹性,选择二维NACA0012翼型进行颤振边界的预测,选用NACA64A010翼型预测LCO特性,并说明了该降阶模型建模的详细过程,将其计算结果与CFD/CSD耦合计算结果及试验结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,该模型可行、高效且精确,可以快速准确地预测飞行器气动弹性特性。     

Airfoil design optimization based on lattice Boltzmann method and adjoint approach

We present a new aerodynamic design method based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the adjoint approach. The flow field and the adjoint equation are numerically simulated by the GILBM (generalized form of interpolation supplemented LBM) on non-uniform meshes. The first-order approximation for the equilibrium distribution function on the boundary is proposed to diminish the singularity of boundary conditions. Further, a new treatment of the solid boundary in the LBM is described particularly for the airfoil optimization design problem. For a given objective function, the adjoint equation and its boundary conditions are derived analytically. The feasibility and accuracy of the new approach have been perfectly validated by the design optimization of NACA0012 airfoil.     

机翼-机身-挂架-短舱复杂流场数值模拟

本文采用分区搭接网格技术,对机翼/机身/挂架/短舱复杂组合体进行网格分布,通过分析计算网格对结果的影响,探讨了网格的划分.基于Roe的近似黎曼解的方法,采用S-A湍流模型,通过求解N-S方程,对该组合体外流场/发动机短舱内流场进行一体化数值模拟,与相应风洞实验数据进行了比较与分析,取得了与实验数据较为吻合的结果.与无发动机短舱的组合体的气动特性进行比较,分析了短舱对翼身组合体的气动干扰.     

MW级超临界二氧化碳向心涡轮设计及分析

本文以某MW级超临界二氧化碳(S-CO2)向心涡轮为研究对象,对S-CO2向心涡轮的设计体系展开进一步探索,并利用一维分析方法和三维数值模拟方法对其进行气动分析.文中先介绍了本课题组已经开发完成的针对向心涡轮喷嘴和转子叶轮的一维气动优化设计方法,然后补充向心涡轮进气蜗壳的设计方法,最后利用三维CFD方法对设计方案的进气...