变可信度模型在气动优化中的应用

在气动外形优化中, 采用近似模型管理结构（AMF）方法,对变可信度模型进行组织和管理．这样能够充分利用低可信度模型,将主要计算量集中在低可信度模型的优化迭代过程中．同时,采用高可信度模型监控优化过程,使最终的优化解收敛到高可信度模型上．最后,设计了零阶变可信度气动特性优化管理结构与搜索算法,对某飞翼型无人机的翼型进行了气动优化．优化外形的气动性能与初始外形比有所提高．实际结果表明所提出的方法具有良好的可行性和适用性．     

一种新型浮升一体化排式飞翼的设计与研究

设计既有较大的内部容积、又有高气动效率的新型浮升一体化气动布局对此类低速飞行器的发展具有重要的科学研究价值和工程应用前景. 以NACA0030翼型为基础,构造了具有较高体积率(体积/表面积)的排式飞翼气动布局. 对不同排列形式的排式飞翼进行了详细的计算和评估分析,并提出了具有更好操纵性和稳定性的排式后掠飞翼气动布局. 数值模拟结果表明: 通过排式飞翼中后翼对前翼下方气流的阻滞作用,排式直飞翼和排式后掠飞翼的升阻比分别增大40%和 20%, 整个飞行器的气动效率显著提高; 同时, 浮升一体化排式飞翼的弦向尺寸较小,可有效降低材料的表面张力,这为高空飞行器表面柔性材料提供了较宽的选择范围.      

Mechanism of unsteady aerodynamic heating with sudden change in surface temperature

The characteristics and mechanism of unsteady aerodynamic heating of a transient hypersonic boundary layer caused by a sudden change in surface temperature are studied. The complete time history of wall heat flux is presented with both analytical and numerical approaches. With the analytical method, the unsteady compressible boundary layer equation is solved. In the neighborhood of the initial and final steady states, the transient responses can be expressed with a steady-state solution plus a perturbation series. By combining these two solutions, a complete solution in the entire time domain is achieved. In the region in which the analytical approach is applicable, numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical results, showing reliability of the methods. The result shows two distinct features of the unsteady response. In a short period just after a sudden increase in the wall temperature, the direction of the wall heat flux is reverted, and a new inflexion near the wall occurs in the profile of the thermal boundary layer. This is a typical unsteady characteristic. However, these unsteady responses only exist in a very short period in hypersonic flows, meaning that, in a long-term aerodynamic heating process considering only unsteady surface temperature, the unsteady characteristics of the flow can be ignored, and the traditional quasi-steady aerodynamic heating prediction methods are still valid.     

One‐shot pseudo‐time method for aerodynamic shape optimization using the Navier–Stokes equations

This paper presents a numerical method for aerodynamic shape optimization problems in compressible viscous flow. It is based on simultaneous pseudo‐time stepping in which stationary states are obtained by solving the pseudo‐stationary system of equations representing the state, costate and design equations. The main advantages of this method are that it blends in nicely with previously existing pseudo‐time‐stepping methods for the state and the costate equations, that it requires no additional globalization in the design space, and that a preconditioner can be used for convergence acceleration which stems from the reduced SQP methods. For design examples of 2D problems, the overall cost of computation can be reduced to less than 2 times the forward simulation runs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速电梯气动特性研究与风口设计

高速电梯运行时，井道内气压的快速变化会对轿厢运行的稳定性及安全性产生极大影响．为解决上述问题，提出了三种在井道壁面上开风口的设计方案，运用计算流体力学分析软件FLUENT对电梯运行过程中的空气流动状态进行数值仿真，同时改变风口形状以及数量，对井道内风速变化、轿厢所受气动阻力及气动力矩进行分析．分析结果表明，在提出的三种开风口方案中，上下圆形风口为最优，与未开风口时相比，轿厢气动阻力减小22.05 %，侧翻力矩减小29.87 %，俯仰力矩减小18.02 %．最后进行试验验证，表明了开风口方案的有效性，研究结果可为井道风口的设计提供理论依据．     

Flutter of a Wide Strip Plate in a Supersonic Gas Flow

The stability of an elastic plate in the form of a wide strip in a supersonic inviscid gas flow is investigated in the linear approximation. An expression for the dependence of the pressure on the plate deflection, asymptotically exact for wide plates, is used. Two qualitatively different instability types are obtained: flutter with respect to a single oscillatory mode due to negative aerodynamic damping and flutter of a related type due to the interaction of oscillatory modes. For each type the stability criterion and the frequency at which the oscillation amplitude grows most intensely are found.     

基于分段进化的遗传算法在机翼气动外形设计上的应用

与传统的优化方法相比,遗传算法以其极强的鲁棒性、随机搜索特性以及优化结果的全局性等特点而在工程优化中得到越来越广泛的应用.标准遗传算法中使用的二进制编码类似于生物染色体的组成,使算法易于用生物遗传学理论加以解释,同时也使交叉、变异等遗传操作易于实现.此外,使用二进制编码还有助于充分发挥算法隐含的并行性.本文对传统遗传算法加以改进,在二进制编码下引入分段进化的概念,再配以高效的交叉、变异算子,充分发挥二进制编码固有优势的同时在很大程度上提高了算法的优化效率,并与Euler方程数值解法相结合,对机翼外形进行了气动优化设计.优化后机翼的升阻比有了显著提高,表明建立的优化模型是合理有效的.     

安装固定气动翼板的大跨桥梁抖振分析

建立了安装固定气动翼板的大跨桥梁多模态耦合抖振分析框架，推演了作用在整个桥梁-气动翼板系统上的抖振力和自激力的显式表达式，考虑了多模态耦合效应．基于有限元法，作用在主梁-气动翼板系统上的抖振力转化为节点力，进一步得到作用在整个桥梁上的抖振力并导出了其功率谱密度矩阵；作用在主梁．气动翼板系统上的气弹自激力转化为节点力，并将其表达为气弹刚度矩阵和气弹阻尼矩阵．通过组集得到系统的运动方程，然后运用虚拟激励法在频域计算系统的抖振响应．以某大跨斜拉桥为例进行研究，结果表明：在主梁下方安装-对固定气动翼板后，主梁的扭转角位移、角加速度以及侧向加速度响应能够得到有效控制。     

现代桥梁抗风理论及其应用

介绍了在国家自然科学基金``九五'重大项目(59895410)研究中探索的桥梁抗风理论以及近10 年来在完成中国大跨度桥梁抗风研究项目中所积累的实践经验，主要包括桥梁风环境及其模拟、 桥梁抗风研究方法、风振机理及控制方法、大跨度桥梁抗风设计与评价等，反映了 中国现代桥梁抗风理论与实践的最新研究进展.     

大迎角细长体绕流背涡结构与气动特性分析

结合实验成果，对大迎角细长体绕流结构及其气动特征进行了分析。利用势流理论，探讨了大迎角下非对称侧向力沿物体轴线的变化特征与分离背涡结构之间的关系，得出截面侧向力系数沿轴向呈现正弦型曲线的变化特征是由轴向旋涡不断脱落所形成的多涡系统诱导的结果。对于三涡以上的多涡系统中，对称的物面压强分布并非一定对应对称的涡结构。