3DEEM和PARAFAC的猪场废水DOM组成特征分析

猪场废水中物质组成与其潜在的环境效应密切相关,研究废水中有机物的组成特征将可为制订科学的资源管理措施提供理论依据。通过采集江西省余江县不同养殖规模(以年出栏量计)的吴杨高(WYG,2 000头)、成林牧业(CL,5 000头)、万谷(WG,20 000头)和正邦(ZB,24 000头)等猪场自然氧化塘内的养殖废水,运用三维荧光(3DEEM)和平行因子分析(PARAFAC)模型研究废水中可溶性有机物(DOM)组成及其荧光特性。结果表明,成林和吴杨高猪场废水中化学需氧量(COD)、全氮(TN)、氨氮(NH+₄)以及可溶性有机碳(DOC)浓度均显著高于万谷和正邦猪场。通过3DEEM和PARAFAC建模发现,猪场废水中可溶性有机物(DOM)主要有三个组分,其中包括两个类蛋白质组分(C1,C2)和一个类腐殖质组分(C3)。线性拟合结果表明,C1分别与C2,C3组分荧光强度间呈极显著正相关,表明不同组分间可能具有相同的物质来源或变化趋势。与养分浓度变化趋势一致,成林和吴杨高猪场DOM组分的荧光强度显著高于万谷和正邦。此外,C1和C2组分对猪场废水中DOM总的贡献率依次为成林(89.7%),吴杨高(87.9%),万谷(77.5%)和正邦(72.9%),而C3所占比例分别为成林(10.3%),吴杨高(12.1%),万谷(22.5%)和正邦(27.1%)。可见,废水中类蛋白质组分比例明显高于类腐殖质组分。与此同时,荧光指数(FI₃₇₀)和腐殖化指数(humification index, HIX)的变化趋势,整体表现为正邦和万谷猪场显著高于成林和吴杨高猪场。Pearson相关性分析表明,不同的荧光指数受环境指标的影响存在一定差异,COD与DOC浓度分别与DOM组分荧光强度间呈极显著相关性。综上,不同的规模化猪场废水中养分水平在一定程度上影响着DOM组成和荧光特性的形成。     

基于双声光偏转器的变频三维数字成像

提出了一种基于双声光偏转器的时序变频三维数字成像系统.此系统可以实时产生并投射具有不同空间频率的条纹结构光序列照明被测物体,可以以视频速率完成任意形状物体的三维传感.整体系统采用全固态结构,无任何机械运动部件,具有高精度、全场测量、动态可编程、普适性好等特点.给出了该三维数字成像系统对一个台阶状物体形貌测量的应用实例.结果证明DAOP对于解决具有复杂几何形状或拓扑结构物体的三维形貌测量问题是一种有效技术.     

Oral Supplementation with Hydrolyzed Fish Cartilage Improves the Morphological and Structural Characteristics of the Skin: A Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study

Collagen and its peptides are natural ingredients used in food supplements and nutricosmetics with the claim of providing benefits for skin health and beauty. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral supplementation with hydrolyzed fish cartilage for the improvement of chronological and photoaging-induced skin changes. A total of 46 healthy females aged 45 to 59 years were enrolled and divided into two groups: G1—placebo and G2—oral treatment with hydrolyzed fish cartilage. Measurements of skin wrinkles, dermis echogenicity and thickness, and morphological and structural characteristics of the skin were performed in the nasolabial region of the face before and after a 90-day period of treatment using high-resolution imaging, ultrasound, and reflectance confocal microscopy image analyses. A significant reduction in wrinkles and an increase of dermis echogenicity were observed after a 90-day period of treatment with hydrolyzed fish cartilage compared to the placebo and baseline values. In addition, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) image analysis showed improved collagen morphology and reduced elastosis after treatment with hydrolyzed fish cartilage. The present study showed the clinical benefits for the skin obtained with oral supplementation with a low dose of collagen peptides from hydrolyzed fish cartilage.     

Free vibration of three-dimensional anisotropic layered composite nanoplates based on modified couple-stress theory

Based on the modified couple-stress theory, three-dimensional analytical solutions of free vibration of a simply supported, multilayered and anisotropic composite nanoplate are derived by solving an eigenvalue system and using the propagator matrix method. By expanding the solutions of the extended displacements in terms of two-dimensional Fourier series, the final governing equations of motion with modified couple-stress effect are reduced to an eigenvalue system of ordinary differential equations. Analytical expressions for the natural frequencies and mode shapes of multilayered anisotropic composite plates with modified couple-stress effect are then derived via the propagator matrix method. Numerical examples are carried out for homogeneous thick-plates and sandwich composite plates to show the effect of the non-local parameter in different layers and stacking sequence on the mode shapes. The present solutions can serve as benchmarks to various thick-plate theories and numerical methods, and could be further useful for designing layered composite structures involving small scale.     

特色鱼肉发酵香肠的制备及功能性研究

利用分离自新疆酸马奶的发酵乳杆菌RC1、植物乳杆菌RC4制备直投式发酵剂, 制作特色风味鲫鱼发酵香肠, 测定其游离脂肪酸、游离氨基酸含量, 并对其血管紧张素转换酶(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, ACE)抑制率、抗氧化活性、抑癌率进行了研究. 结果表明: 当发酵剂接种量为3%(V/V), 37℃发酵5h, 65℃烘烤30min, 鱼肉发酵香肠口感较佳, 表面鲜亮, 肉质细腻, 有特殊香味. 发酵香肠组织破碎液的游离脂肪酸含量为15.43mmol?hg-1, 游离氨基酸为43.94 mg?hg-1; 其ACE抑制率为78.18%, 抗氧化性能的?O2-自由基清除率、?OH自由基清除率、DPPH清除率分别为30.97%、53.24%和62.75%; 以上指标均高于自然发酵的对照组. 另外, 上述鱼肉发酵香肠组织破碎液稀释1倍后对乳腺癌细胞的抑癌率高达68.60%.     

三维全息原子场作用矢量用于均三氮苯类衍生物除草活性的QSAR研究

本文利用三维全息原子场作用矢量(3D-HoVAIF)对均三氮苯类衍生物分子结构进行表征,并利用逐步回归结合多元线性回归建立均三氮苯类衍生物除草活性的定量构效关系模型,同时采用内外部双重验证的方法检验模型的稳定性.所建模型相关统计量如下:建模相关系数(R)、留一法(LOO)交互验证相关系数(R_(cv))、外部样本验证相关系数(Q_(ext))和标准偏差(SD)分别为0.897、0.818、0.856和0.470.结果表明,3D-HoVAIF能较好地表征均三氮苯类衍生物分子的结构信息,所建模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力;同时也指出了SP~3杂化的C之间的立体作用、SP~2杂化的N与SP~3杂化的C之间的立体作用、SP~2杂化C与SP~3杂化的N原子之间的静电作用以及SP~3杂化的C与X(卤素)之间的静电作用是影响该类化合物除草活性的重要因素.为高活性除草剂类分子设计和改造提供理论指导.     

激光扫描光学断层成像系统的设计与应用

设计了基于LabVIEW控制的激光扫描光学断层成像系统,该系统以准直激光器为光源,高精度四维平移台为样本定位单元,光电倍增管为采集单元,实现了针对小鼠肺等小尺寸样本的三维成像.该系统空间分辨率优于20μm,成像视野大于1cm,通过对离体小鼠肺器官的自发荧光成像,展示了系统的操作流程、成像结果和初步生物应用,并探索了它对整个生物器官组织的成像能力.与传统生物医学光学成像方法相比,该方法具有光子收集效率高、成像样本尺寸大、系统操作简单等优点.     

三维荧光光谱结合HGA-RBF神经网络在多环芳烃浓度检测中的应用

采用FS920荧光光谱仪分析了苯并[k]荧蒽(BkF)、苯并[b]荧蒽(BbF)和两者混合物的荧光特性.结果表明BkF的两个荧光峰分别位于306 nm/405 nm和306 nm/430 nm,BbF的两个荧光峰分别位于306 nm/410nm和306 nm/435 nm.BkF和BbF不同浓度配比及其相互间的荧光干扰,使得混合物荧光特性差异较大,荧光强度和浓度间关系变得复杂.为准确测定混合物中BkF和BbF的浓度,采用递阶算法优化的径向基神经网络对其进行检测,结果表明BkF和BbF的平均回收率分别为98.45％和97.71％.该方法能够实现多环芳烃类污染物共存成分的识别和浓度预测.     

Biomimetic Synthesis of Metal Ion‐Doped Hierarchical Crystals Using a Gel Matrix: Formation of Cobalt‐Doped LiMn2O4 with Improved Electrochemical Properties through a Cobalt‐Doped MnCO3 Precursor

We have synthesized spinel type cobalt‐doped LiMn₂O₄ (LiMn_2?yCo_yO₄, 0≤y≤0.367), a cathode material for a lithium‐ion battery, with hierarchical sponge structures via the cobalt‐doped MnCO₃ (Mn_1‐xCo_xCO₃, 0≤x≤0.204) formed in an agar gel matrix. Biomimetic crystal growth in the gel matrix facilitates the generation of both an homogeneous solid solution and the hierarchical structures under ambient condition. The controlled composition and the hierarchical structure of the cobalt‐doped MnCO₃ precursor played an important role in the formation of the cobalt‐doped LiMn₂O₄. The charge–discharge reversible stability of the resultant LiMn_1.947Co_0.053O₄ was improved to ca. 12 % loss of the discharge capacity after 100 cycles, while pure LiMn₂O₄ showed 24 % loss of the discharge capacity after 100 cycles. The parallel control of the hierarchical structure and the composition in the precursor material through a biomimetic approach, promises the development of functional materials under mild conditions.     

Hierarchical,Titania‐Coated,Carbon Nanofibrous Material Derived from a Natural Cellulosic Substance

Hierarchical, titania‐coated, nanofibrous, carbon hybrid materials were fabricated by employing natural cellulosic substances (commercial filter paper) as a scaffold and carbon precursor. Ultrathin titania films were firstly deposited by means of a surface sol–gel process to coat each nanofiber in the filter paper, and successive calcination treatment under nitrogen atmosphere yielded the titania–carbon composite possessing the hierarchical morphologies and structures of the initial paper. The ultrathin titania coating hindered the coalescence effect of the carbon species that formed during the carbonization process of cellulose, and the original cellulose nanofibers were converted into porous carbon nanofibers (diameters from tens to hundreds of nanometers, with 3–6 nm pores) that were coated with uniform anatase titania thin films (thickness ≈12 nm, composed of anatase nanocrystals with sizes of ≈4.5 nm). This titania‐coated, nanofibrous, carbon material possesses a specific surface area of 404 m² g^?1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the titania–cellulose hybrid prepared by atomic layer deposition of titania on the cellulose fibers of filter paper. The photocatalytic activity of the titania–carbon composite was evaluated by the improved photodegradation efficiency of different dyes in aqueous solutions under high‐pressure, fluorescent mercury‐lamp irradiation, as well as the effective photoreduction performance of silver cations to silver nanoparticles with ultraviolet irradiation.