Strengthening of RC beams with an innovative timber-FRP composite system

The results of a theoretical and experimental research project on the use of an innovative technique for strengthening concrete beams are presented. A spacer element is inserted between the tension side of a beam and the composite material to increase its lever arm and to enhance the over all stiffness of the strengthened beam. The main aim of this exploratory project was to increase the ultimate failure load of strengthened beam specimens, whilst guaranteeing acceptable over all deflections at the serviceability limit states. This resulted into a significant reduction in the amount of FPR required and in a better utilization of the materials employed. A preliminary theoretical study was carried out to investigate the effect of Young’s modulus, failure strain, and thickness of the element to be used as a spacer in order to determine the best possible candidate material. Three tests on 2.5-m-long beams were carried out, and different anchorage techniques were used to try and prevent the debonding of the strengthening system. The results from this pilot study are very promising, as the strengthening system ensures an adequate initial stiffness along with an improved ultimate flexural capacity. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 403–416, May–June, 2008.     

高性能芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在混凝土结构加固中的应用

介绍了用于混凝土结构加固的高性能芳纶纤维（Aramid）产品（Kevlar）及其与环氧树脂构成的复合材料的主要技术特性以及AFRP工法补强设计依据和施工方法。同时就该材料在我国首个实际工程项目．铁路湘黔线湘潭特大桥加固中的应用和补强加固效果进行了总结。     

FRP-混凝土界面剥离破坏过程并行数值模拟

FRP-混凝土界面粘结性能和抗拉裂能力是外贴FRP片材加固混凝土结构技术的关键问题。基于FRP与混凝土界面面内剪切试验的结果,采用材料真实破裂过程三维并行分析(RFPA3D-Parallel)系统,对FRP-混凝土界面的粘结性能进行了三维并行数值模拟研究。数值试验再现了FRP-混凝土构件的三维破裂过程演化过程,清晰地反映了拉伸载荷作用下FRP-混凝土构件界面剥离破坏的规律,FRP-混凝土界面剥离破坏是一个细观损伤不断产生和宏观裂缝形成的渐进过程,可通过监测FRP-混凝土结构损伤演化过程的声发射来揭示FRP-混凝土结构在外载荷作用下的损伤程度。FRP片材在加载过程中的变形剥离破坏过程大致可以划分为四个阶段：(1)弹性变形阶段;(2)弹性软化阶段;(3)弹性软化剥离阶段;(4)软化剥离阶段。本文的数值计算表明RFPA3D-Parallel并行数值模拟方法为FRP片材-混凝土界面剥离破坏过程和机理研究提供了一个很好的途径,同时也为研究FRP-混凝土工程结构等的损伤断裂机理提供了一个新的分析手段,这对于土木建筑工程中FRP-混凝土结构的工程设计施工、损伤断裂控制及混凝土结构加固等研究无疑具有重要的理论指导和实践意义。     

纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土柱轴压本构模型研究新进展

较全面总结了纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土的本构模型最新进展,分析了各类模型的理论基础、特点、存在的问题,探讨了纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土轴压强度与变形规律、破坏机制等,总结了影响本构模型的主要影响因素,如约束应力的计算、纤维增强聚合物实际破坏应变值等,为今后对本构模型比较分析提供了基本框架.     

THE FAILURE MODES OF CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH NEAR SURFACE MOUNTED FRP BARS

为研究不同参数下表面内嵌纤维筋加固后T 形混凝土梁的破坏模式, 对5 根不同梁端锚固、FRP(fiber reinforced polymer) 筋表面特征和FRP 筋类型的T 形混凝土梁进行受弯性能试验. 结果表明, 无梁端锚固、光圆GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) 筋和CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) 筋加固梁试件发生粘结破坏. 梁端锚固和FRP 筋表面特征影响加固梁试件的极限载荷, CFRP 筋加固梁试件的屈服载荷和极限载荷较大. 螺纹FRP 筋和有梁端锚固加固梁试件FRP 筋利用率较高. 因此, 有梁端锚固的表面内嵌螺纹GFRP 筋加固是最为有效的加固方式.     

Stability of Lofty Air-Supported Cylindrical Membranes∗

The use of air-supported membranes has attracted considerable attention in recent years. There are, however, a number of problems in the behavior of these structures that have not been fully investigated. For example, the problem of lateral stability of such membranes has not been discussed heretofore. The present paper presents an analysis of the sidesway instability of a cylindrical air-supported membrane with vertical longitudinal axis, subjected to concentrated loads applied nonsymmetrically. A critical value of the load is established at which the configuration of these structures changes dramatically. During such change the lower portion of the membrane comes into contact with the support surface. For the problem treated, safe load limits, critical lengths, and critical weight densities for the membrane are derived. The Lagrangian variational method is used throughout the paper in obtaining solutions.     

FRP约束钢管混凝土柱轴力-弯矩相关关系研究

为了建立FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer)约束钢管混凝土压弯构件轴力-弯矩相关关系曲线,分析组合结构中各组份对柱体压弯性能的影响,建立了FRP约束钢管混凝土截面分析计算模型,考虑不同FPR-钢复合约束程度和荷载偏心率对混凝土本构的影响。与现有CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer)-钢管混凝土压弯试验结果对比,验证了模型的合理性。对模型开展参数分析,结果表明,FRP约束混凝土压弯性能主要受环向FRP影响,环向FRP层数的增加在提高柱体轴压承载力的同时可有效降低其界限偏心率,提高大偏心状态下柱体的轴压比;纵向FRP层数仅会影响柱体承载力,对其界限偏心率及大偏心受压状态下的轴压比影响不显著;随着环向FRP约束程度的提高,柱体对P-Δ效应的敏感性增强。     

复杂条件下FRP-混凝土界面剥离机理研究分析

从理论模型、试验研究和数值模拟讨论了影响FRP-混凝土界面粘结性能的关键因素, 分析了环境因素和加载速率对FRP-混凝土界面粘结性能以及极限承载力的影响, 指出了复杂条件下FRP-混凝土界面分析亟待解决的关键问题.     

ITER轴向绝缘子结构设计与分析

用有限元法对ITER装置磁体系统的高性能氦气密复合材料绝缘子的结构设计进行电场分析和力学性能分析。分析结果表明,绝缘子能够承受耐电压56kV、耐气压4MPa、耐拉力2000N、耐弯矩1000Nm、耐扭矩100Nm的技术参数要求;同时热应力分析结果表明,与外力作用的影响相比,热应力是影响绝缘子性能的关键因素;绝缘子在拉力、弯矩和扭矩受力下发生变形的是金属部分,外力对绝缘部分的影响不大。     

FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁界面开裂分析

应用理论分析及有限元模拟和模型试验相结合的方法分析了FRP加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁界面的开裂破坏规律。研究结果表明:FRP加固RC梁界面开裂可以应用断裂力学的方法解析,理论分析结论与有限元模拟结果一致。在FRP的剥离角度较大时界面是Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型混合开裂;同时考虑到混凝土剪切裂缝上下错动的尺寸与构件的尺寸相比很小,FRP-RC梁界面主要表现为Ⅱ型断裂。界面的应力强度因子随着加载的增加分为三个发展阶段,分别以混凝土开裂和钢筋屈服为分界点,界面的临界应力强度因子约为5.91MPa·m0.5。并结合试验给出了FRP的极限剥离应变,在工程应用中控制FRP应变在剥离应变以内可以有效地避免界面开裂破坏的发生。