Early-stage flocculation kinetics of polystyrene latex particles with polyelectrolytes studied in the standardized mixing: Contrast of excess and moderate polyelectrolyte dosage

Standardized mixing procedure was applied to the analysis of flocculation of polystyrene latex (PSL) particles with polyelectrolytes. After confirming the initial enhancement of flocculation rate in the very beginning followed by abrupt stop with excess dosage, attention was shifted to the system of moderate dosage. In the former, effects of ionic strength were further analyzed to find the consistency with adsorption isotherm. In the latter, flocculation started slowly in the beginning, sometime slower than salt-induced rapid coagulation, however, the rate gradually increases in the middle stage. Often, the increased rate exceeds that of salt-induced rapid coagulation. This behavior emerged more clearly in the case of lower ionic strength. This is the indication that the rate of relaxation of polymer on the colloidal surface is a function of surface coverage and ionic strength. The ultimate degree of flocculation is usually higher than that observed for excess dosage. The size distribution of flocs was also examined, however, no clear difference between different experimental conditions was confirmed for the same degree of flocculation.     

用动态光散射跟踪钙-海藻酸水溶液凝胶化

海藻酸(alginate)是一种天然多糖,是直链键合的β-D-甘露糖醛酸(M)和α-L-古洛糖醛酸(G)的无规嵌段共聚物[1].在海藻酸水溶液中加入钙、铜、锌、铅等二价正离子,能够形成凝胶;其中钙-海藻酸凝胶在细胞输送、组织工程等领域受到人们的关注[2,3].影响海藻酸凝胶化的因素包括海藻酸的分子量和分子量分布、M/G值和序列分布、溶液浓度、正离子种类与浓度等[4,5].     

TiZSM—48型分子筛的快速合成及性能

在Na_2O-1.6-C_6H_(14)N_2-SiO_2-TiO_2-H_2O体系中首次用快速动态法和静态法合成了TiZSM-48型分子筛,考察了两种合成方法的晶化动力学。利用XRD、IR、XPS、SEM、DRS、TG-DTA等测试手段对TiZSM-48型分子筛进行了表征,结果表明,Ti进入了分子筛骨架,动态法合成比静态法合成快得多,且样品的晶粒较小。热分析表明,两种方法合成的样品热稳定性均较好。     

快速响应的温敏性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶 Ⅰ.以CaCO_3为成孔剂制备方法、表征及动力学研究

以不同粒径的CaCO3粒子为成孔剂 ,合成了快速响应的温敏性聚 (N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 ) (PNIPA)水凝胶 .利用扫描电镜观察到水凝胶具有特殊的孔状结构 ,得到水凝胶的孔径大小为几十微米左右 .动力学研究表明 ,该水凝胶在温敏膨胀或收缩时 ,具有快速的响应速率 ,在 10min内的失水率可达 90 % .比较了干凝胶和4 0℃下失水后的凝胶两种不同状态下水凝胶的膨胀曲线 ,发现两者的溶胀动力学曲线明显不同 ,前者的曲线有拐点 .同时发现与失水收缩速率相比 ,水凝胶具有较慢的吸水膨胀速率 .     

动态液相微萃取GC/MS-SIM方法检验毛发中的苯丙胺类毒品

建立了动态液相微萃取GC/MS-SIM方法检测毛发中4种苯丙胺类毒品的方法.毛发样品首先用1 mol/L NaOH溶液消解,然后用50μL氯仿涡旋提取1min,离心后用注射器直接抽取有机相,提取液进行GC/MS-SIM方法检测.毛发样品的测出限(S/N=3)分别为苯丙胺1 ng/mg,甲基苯丙胺、3、4-(亚甲二氧基)苯丙胺、3、4(亚甲二氧基)-甲基苯丙胺500 pg/mg.在毛发中添加上述4种苯丙胺毒品的质量分数为5 ng/mg时,5次测定的RSD分别为苯丙胺8.3%,甲基苯丙胺8.2%,3、4-(亚甲二氧基)苯丙胺2.0%,3、4(亚甲二氧基)2.7%.该方法可用于毛发中低含量苯丙胺类毒品的分析.     

电沉积羟基磷灰石/TiO2复合涂层

结合强度;电沉积羟基磷灰石/TiO2复合涂层     

Second Dissociation Constants of 4-[N-morpholino]butanesulfonic Acid and N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N′-4-butanesulfonic Acid from 5 to 55°C

The values of the second dissociation constant, pK ₂, for the dissociation of the NH⁺ charge center of the zwitterionic buffer compounds 4-(N-morpholino)butanesulfonic acid (MOBS), and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N-4-butanesulfonic acid (HEPBS) have been determined from 5 to 55°C, including, 37°C at intervals of 5°C. The electromotive-force (emf) measurements have been made utilizing hydrogen electrodes and silver–silver chloride electrodes. The value of pK ₂ for MOBS was found to be 7.702 ± 0.0005, and 8.284 ± 0.0004 for HEPBS, at 25°C, respectively. The related thermodynamic quantities, G ^o, H ^o, S ^o, and C _p ^o for the dissociation processes of MOBS and HEPBS have been derived from the temperature coefficients of pK ₂. Both the MOBS and HEPBS buffer materials are useful as primary pH standards for the control of pH 7.3 to 8.6 in the region close to that of physiological fluids.     

聚苯基单醚喹噁啉薄膜的性能与物理老化

研究了物理老化对聚苯基单醚喹啉薄膜的结构与力学性能的影响 .用差示扫描量热计 (DSC)及正电子湮没寿命谱 (PALS)方法表征了两种不同物理老化条件试样的凝聚结构以及自由体积的差别 .结果表明 ,物理老化使聚苯基单醚喹啉薄膜玻璃化转变温度移向高温 ,在其末端出现热焓吸收峰 ,分子链堆砌紧密使自由体积减小 ,分子可动性降低 .用动态力学分析 (DMTA)以及静态拉伸性能测试等方法研究了两类试样的力学性能 ,结果表明 ,物理老化后 ,试样的动态储能模量稍有增加 ,力学损耗降低 .而静态拉伸实验的断裂应变降低 ,屈服应力增加 ,断裂能降低 ,试样在宏观上由韧性断裂变为明显的脆性断裂 .