低频噪声的有源控制

本文概述了国内外在噪声有源控制方面的研究情况.随着控制论、数字信号处理技术及微电子学逐步应用于有源控制系统,有源消声的推广价值不断增加.文中介绍了有源控制技术在抵消重复噪声(如柴油机排气噪声)、随机噪声(管道或风洞噪声)及空间噪声(变压器噪声)中的应用实例.     

对薄壁颗粒输送管道降噪的新方法

在粮食输送过程中,管道使用量大而广,种类繁多.但管道噪声较高,治理有一定难度. 我们在深入研究管道的噪声机理时发现,管道噪声以薄壁为最甚.麦粒输送溜管的管壁就较薄,仅1.2mm厚.根据复合阻尼减振原理,我们提出了采用色拉法降噪新方法,现将其结构介绍于下. 管道横截面是圆环形的,而展开后则是板状的,因此,可在这板状基础上设计成一种复合阻尼结构.如图所示,在原有管道外壁包上一层阻尼层,再在其外面用一层白铁皮箍夹.这样,在原有管道的横截面上呈     

球形环嬗变堆包层冷却管道热工设计与热结构力学分析

利用球形环托卡马克作为聚变中子源、处置裂变堆长寿命放射性核废料的嬗变堆作为聚变能早期应用的重要途径。因核废物的日益积累和已具备现实的技术基础而受到广泛的重视。也是目前国际聚变界研究的前沿课题。     

工业CT——一项引人注目的无损探测高技术

 大约两年前,在美国佛罗里达州的国家航空航天局肯尼迪空间中心里,技术人员正在对一架航天飞机进行检查.他们在主引擎燃料管道的避震器上发现了一个小小的毛病.这个避震器是一根“L”形的波纹管,由2.3毫米厚的不锈钢制成,长约6英尺,重约2000磅.但是就在它的肘节处,出现了约一枚硬币的凹痕.凹痕虽不太深,但凹陷处损伤程度影响航天飞机下次升空的安全.在1986年初,挑战者号因密封圈受冷变形而发生爆炸,使美国的航天计划严重受挫之后,美国人再也不会小看任何不起眼的质量问题的了.     

低真空管道列车表面压力变化规律研究

既有高速铁路进一步提速受限,构建低真空管道运行超高速列车的发展趋势日益明显.运用滑移网格技术,建立动车组列车和低真空管道的三维耦合模型,考虑管道气体的瞬态压缩效应,分析低真空管道横截面积、动车组列车运行速度、管道环境温度和环境压力对车体表面压力的影响.研究表明,低真空管道横截面积、动车组列车运行速度、管道环境温度和环境...     

Excitation and propagation of axisymmetric longitudinal guided waves in pipes immersed in infinite liquid media

The transient elastodynamic responses of the vacuum-filled and liquid-filled pipes surrounded by infinite liquid to external axisymmetric forces are simulated by employing the acoustic-structural coupled finite element method. The time-frequency distributions of the transients waveforms are obtained by the short-time Fourier transform （STFT）. Then the influence of the distribution of the external forces on the excitation of the guided waves is analyzed. The study shows that the L（O, 2） mode in the vacuum-filled pipe surrounded by the liquid is suitable for the pipe inspection because it is the fastest mode in a weakly dispersive and at- tenuative region of frequency. And it can be excited with high efficiency in the above region of frequency if the axisymmetric external force is applied on the inner or outer surface of the pipe axially. Analogously, the L（0,3） and L（0,4） modes in the liquid-filled pipe surrounded by the liquid are suitable for the pipe inspection.     

粘性流体间夹有多孔介质时的非定常流动及其热传导

粘性流体间夹有多孔介质,流经壁面温度等温的水平管道时,研究其非定常振荡流动及其热传导问题.多孔介质中的流动采用Brinkman方程模型.通过集中非周期项和周期项,将偏微分的控制方程转化为常微分方程,并利用边界和界面条件,找到了每个区间的闭式解.数值计算了各种物理参数,如多孔性参数、频率参数、周期频率参数、粘度比、热传导系数比和Prandtl数,对速度和温度场的影响,并给出相应的图形.此外,导出了壁顶和壁底处的热传递率并用表格列出.     

Examples of boundary layers associated with the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

The author surveys a few examples of boundary layers for which the Prandtl boundary layer theory can be rigorously validated. All of them are associated with the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for Newtonian fluids equipped with various Dirichlet boundary conditions (specified velocity). These examples include a family of (nonlinear 3D) plane parallel flows, a family of (nonlinear) parallel pipe flows, as well as flows with uniform injection and suction at the boundary. We also identify a key ingredient in establishing the validity of the Prandtl type theory, i.e., a spectral constraint on the approximate solution to the Navier-Stokes system constructed by combining the inviscid solution and the solution to the Prandtl type system. This is an additional difficulty besides the wellknown issue related to the well-posedness of the Prandtl type system. It seems that the main obstruction to the verification of the spectral constraint condition is the possible separation of boundary layers. A common theme of these examples is the inhibition of separation of boundary layers either via suppressing the velocity normal to the boundary or by injection and suction at the boundary so that the spectral constraint can be verified. A meta theorem is then presented which covers all the cases considered here.     

巧用图形变换 妙求路线极值

引例:(2012年四川凉山州卷)在学习轴对称的时候,老师让同学们思考课本中的探究题:如图1所示,要在燃气管道l上修建一个泵站,分别向A、B两镇供气.泵站修在管道的什么地方,可使所用的输气管线最短?你可以在l上找几个点试一试,能发现什么规律?