近红外漫反射光谱法测定整粒小麦单株蛋白质含量

应用近红外漫反射光谱技术(波长为1 100～2 498 nm,分辨率为2 nm),以整粒小麦为材料建立适合于小麦单株分析的蛋白质含量分析系统。首先选取籽粒蛋白质含量具有梯度差异的小麦样品,然后对样品扫描得到原始光谱信息,通过散射校正及数学处理来消除原始光谱噪声,最后分别采用多元线性回归、主成分分析法和偏最小二乘法法建立回归方程。结果表明,优化各项参数后,光谱经过标准乘性散射校正和一阶导数处理后,回归分析采用修正的偏最小二乘法(MPLS)得到的定标模型效果最佳。最终得到的预测方程定标相关系数(RSQ)、交叉验证标准误差(SECV)、交叉验证相关系数(1-VR)分别为0.94,0.42,0.87。数学模型经过验证样品集检验,预测相关系数达到0.88。该模型达到了快速、无损分析单株小麦的要求,非常适合于品质育种的早代选择。     

小麦中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的HPLC-MS/MS测定方法研究

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱测定小麦中9种氨基甲酸酯类农药的多残留检测方法．样品经乙腈提取,中性氧化铝填充柱净化,然后采用HPLC-ESI（＋）-MS／MS测定．着重探讨了液质联用体系的稳定性、测定中普遍存在的基体效应及其校正的可能方法．结果表明,本研究建立的方法简便、快捷、准确,适合大批量样品的测定．     

胶束毛细管电泳在线吹扫富集技术测定面粉中的增白剂过氧化苯甲酰

建立了测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰含量的一种新方法。面粉用甲醇超声萃取,过滤,直接进样分析。在电泳缓冲液为0.02 mol/L硼砂-硼酸缓冲液（含0.04 mol/L十二烷基硫酸钠）(pH 9.0)、紫外检测波长为214 nm、分离电压为10 kV的条件下,富集倍数可达150倍以上,过氧化苯甲酰的质量浓度和其色谱峰高呈良好的线性关系,过氧化苯甲酰的线性 范围为0.002～0.012 g/L(r=0.9998),最低检测限为2 mg/L。将该法用于面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的分析,样品无需繁琐的预处理过程便可直接定量,缩短了分析周期,简单方便,重现性好。     

不同细胞质雄性不育小麦中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性比较

以几种具有较好应用前景的细胞质雄性不育型小麦为材料,对分蘖期小麦叶片中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性进行了测定,实验结果表明,亲本中国春的谷胱甘肽的含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的比活最高,华麦8号次之,细胞质雄性不育小麦均低于保持系中国春与华麦8号,这可能意味着细胞质雄性不育小麦在分蘖斯植株体内清除活性氧代谢的能力的能力低于可育品种,是小麦以后发育过程花粉走向败育的内在原因之一。     

电动流动分析和酶抑制法测定池塘水中农药残留折合总量

用电动流动分析和酶抑制法测定池塘水中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯农药残留折合总量。电动流动分析系统由一台自制电渗泵和4个电磁切换阀组成,由计算机编程控制。酶抑制法用面粉酯酶,有机磷和氨基甲酸酯农药作酶抑制剂,底物的酶解产物与显色剂反应,用分光光度计在524 nm检测。有机磷和氨基甲酸酯农药的折合浓度对数线性范围为0.02~0.20 mg/L乐果,检出限为0.01 mg/L乐果,每小时可测24个样品。氨基甲酸酯在80℃完全水解,而有机磷部分水解,据此可判断农药类别。     

基于激光吸收光谱技术的农田氨挥发研究

氨挥发是农田氮素向环境输出的重要途径,也是我国空气中PM2.5形成的主要因素,给环境和农业生产带来了诸多不利影响。传统的农田氨挥发测定大多依赖酸吸收法,但因采样时间长、劳动量大,难以获取氨挥发日内动态变化规律。基于开放光程可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术进行田间痕量氨气测定时,测量精度高、选择性好、系统响应速度快,不需要复杂的采样操作,就可以实现激光发射器与反射镜之间数十至数百米的高时间分辨率的氨气浓度原位快速监测。其与微气象反向拉格朗日随机扩散模型相结合(TDLAS-BLS法)是目前农业源氨挥发监测技术领域的研究热点。通过田间试验,分析比较TDLAS-BLS法与微气象水平通量积分法(IHF法)测定的氨挥发速率及氨挥发损失结果,实现对TDLAS-BLS法测定大面积农田氨挥发的可靠性验证。利用监测获取的高时间分辨率数据研究冬小麦追肥期氨挥发日内变化规律及影响因素。结果表明:TDLAS-BLS法和IHF法测定农田氨挥发速率基本一致(斜率为0.97,R2=0.97,n=14),TDLAS-BLS法测定氨挥发速率仅比IHF法低3%,总氨挥发损失仅低6%,证明TDLAS-BLS法可用于冬小麦追肥期大面积农田氨挥发监测中。冬小麦追肥期白天氨浓度明显高于夜间,且受风速波动影响,氨浓度瞬时波动较大。氨挥发速率在追肥后缓慢升高,施肥后第6天出现氨挥发速率峰值8.9 kg N·ha^-1·d^-1,随后逐渐降低,至第15天与背景接近。氨挥发损失主要集中在施肥后的第5~8 d(79~175 h),该时段氨挥发损失占总氨挥发损失的69%。整个监测期间TDLAS-BLS法测定总氨挥发损失为8.8 kg N·ha-1(占施氮量6.3%),较低的损失量与沟施覆土的施肥方式及低温、低光照强度有关。TDLAS-BLS法实现了在线监测大面积农田氨挥发日内变化规律,高时间分辨率数据可更准确地评估气象因素对氨挥发的影响。冬小麦追肥期氨挥发日内波动较大,存在明显的昼高夜低变化规律,与温度、风速、光照有很高的相符性。相关分析表明风速、光照、土壤温度、降水都与氨挥发有显著相关性,异常天气下主导气象因素(如降水)是氨挥发主要控制因素。     

Newly Generated Atractylon Derivatives in Processed Rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz

Thermally processed rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala (RAM) have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating various disorders, and have been an integral part of various traditional drugs and healthcare products. In TCM, herbal medicines are, in most cases, uniquely processed. Although it is thought that processing can alter the properties of herbal medicines so as to achieve desired functions, increase potency, and/or reduce side effects, the underlying chemical changes remain unclear for most thermally processed Chinese herbal medicines. In an attempt to shed some light on the scientific rationale behind the processes involved in traditional medicine, the RAM processed by stir-frying with wheat bran was investigated for the change of chemical composition. As a result, for the first time, five new chemical entities, along with ten known compounds, were isolated. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. The possible synthetic pathway for the generation of such thermally-induced chemical entities was also proposed. Furthermore, biological activity evaluation showed that none of the compounds possessed cytotoxic effects against the tested mammalian cancer and noncancer cell lines. In addition, all compounds were ineffective at inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic microorganisms.     

反相薄层色谱法分析有机过氧化物的研究

本文研究了利用C_(18)。反相薄层板,以乙腈水溶液为展开剂,硖化钾为显色剂分析某些有机过氧化物如过氧化羟基异丙苯、过氧化环己酮和过氧化苯甲酰以及过氧化氧,得到较好的分离效果。同时,利用薄层扫描仪对过氧化苯甲酰进行定量分析研究,工作曲线线性范围为0.14～7.0μg/2μl,检出限为40ng。将该方法应用于测定面粉和化妆品中过氧化苯甲酰的含量,回收率试验均取得满意的结果。薄层板经甲醇适当处理后可反复多次使用。     

Spatial distribution of void fraction within a liquid slug and some other related slug parameters

The structure of vertical upward slug flow in a pipe is studied. The distribution of the phases in the Taylor bubble zone and the liquid slug zone is investigated by simultaneous measurements with two optical fiber probes. In the Taylor bubble zone the shape of the Taylor bubble and the distribution of the bubble length is reported. In the liquid slug region, the distribution of the void fraction is obtained over a dense grid in both the axial and radial directions. These experimental results shed some light on the hydrodynamics of the two-phase slug flow, in particular regarding the production of the dispersed bubbles and their distribution along the liquid slug.     

Measurement of water absorption capacity in wheat flour by a headspace gas chromatographic technique

The purpose of this work is to introduce a new method for quantitatively analyzing water absorption capacity in wheat flour by a headspace gas chromatographic technique. This headspace gas chromatographic technique was based on measuring the water vapor released from a series of wheat flour samples with different contents of water addition. According to the different trends between the vapor and wheat flour phase before and after the water absorption capacity in wheat flour, a turning point (corresponding to water absorption capacity in wheat flour) can be obtained by fitting the data of the water gas chromatography peak area from different wheat flour samples. The data showed that the phase equilibrium in the vial can be achieved in 25 min at desired temperature (35°C). The relative standard deviation of the reaction headspace gas chromatographic technique in water absorption capacity determination was within 3.48%, the relative differences has been determined by comparing the water absorption capacity obtained from this new analytical technique with the data from the reference technique (i.e., the filtration method), which are less than 8.92%. The new headspace gas chromatographic method is automated, accurate and be a reliable tool for quantifying water absorption capacity in wheat flour in both laboratory research and mill applications.