冠醚B15C5萃取分离锂同位素的阴离子效应

本文研究了B15C5冠醚萃取锂盐时,不同阴离子对体系的同位素分离效应的影响。结果表明,阴离子在冠醚萃取过程中不仅对萃取络合物的稳定性有显著影响,而且阴离子半径及软度越大时,萃取体系的锂同位素分离系数(α_(LI))也越大。     

分子印迹技术在样品前处理中的应用

分子印迹聚合物具有选择性高、稳定性好及制备简单的特点,可用于生物、医药、环境样品等复杂基体中痕量分析物的高选择性分离与富集,因此在样品前处理中的应用特别引人关注.本文介绍了分子印迹技术的基本原理,综述了分子印迹技术在样品前处理中应用的研究进展.     

金属-有机骨架MIL-101(Cr)掺杂聚合物整体柱的制备及其用于酚类化合物的在线固相萃取

制备了金属-有机骨架（MOF）MIL-101（Cr）掺杂聚合物整体柱，建立了在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱检测水中4-硝基苯酚、2-硝基苯酚、3-甲基苯酚和2，4-二氯苯酚的方法。考察了样品溶液pH值、上样时间、上样流速和解吸时间对酚类化合物萃取效果的影响。在最优萃取条件下，采用制备的整体柱检测水中酚类化合物，其富集因子高，线性范围宽，精密度好，检出限低，适用于水中酚类化合物的检测。制备掺杂聚合物整体柱是促进和拓宽MOFs在线固相萃取应用的有效方法之一。     

气相-质谱法测定粮谷中恶草酮的残留量

 应用微量化学法和固相萃取技术 ,建立了粮谷中恶草酮残留量的气相 质谱 (GC MS)测定方法。用苯 正己烷 (体积比为 1∶1)萃取 ,中性氧化铝小柱净化。净化液用GC MS测定 ,采用外标法定量。恶草酮在大米中的回收率为 90 4%～ 115 .7% ,RSD为 2 %～ 6 % ,在玉米中的回收率为 81 3%～ 10 9 7% ,RSD为 4%～ 9% ,最低定量检出限为 0 0 0 5mg/kg。该法快速、灵敏、准确 ,各项技术指标均满足农药残留检测的要求。     

Liquid–solid disk extraction followed by supercritical fluid elution and gas chromatography of phenols from water

A method combining the techniques of liquid – solid disk extraction (LSDE) and supercritical fluid elution (SFE) has been developed for the phenols regulated by the Clean Water Act. LSDE uses a disk or membrane made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibrils impregnated with small particles, e.g. styrene divinylbenzene (SDB) resin, to extract phenols from water. After disk extraction the retained analytes are eluted from the disk using SFE. SFE is used as an alternative to liquid solvent elution with an organic solvent. Analytes are separated, identified, and quantified using gas chromatography – ion trap detector mass spectrometry (GC-ITDMS). The method is capable of sub parts per billion detection limits, and precision of 5–28% RSD. Evaluation of various disks or membranes, such as C₁₈-silica disks, SDB disks, and ion exchange membranes, has also been performed for the extraction of phenols from water. The results obtained from the in-situ aqueous acetylation of phenols and extraction of their acetates are quantitative. The utilization of LSDE and SFE techniques has proven to be a more effective approach than liquid – liquid extraction in minimizing air pollution and solvent waste.     

Supercritical fluid extraction of the fluoroquinolones norfloxacin and ofloxacin from orally treated-chicken breast muscles

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the fluoroquinolones norfloxacin and ofloxacin from chicken breast muscles was examined. A liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used for the determination of the fluoroquinolones. Extraction conditions of the SFE were optimized by determining the extraction parameters to achieve a sufficiently high recovery of each fluoroquinolone in fortified-muscle samples. Recovery values for the extraction of the fluoroquinolones using the SFE ranged from 70 to 87%. Chickens were treated orally with each fluoroquinolone and their muscles were extracted at set time intervals for time-course determination of the fluoroquinolones in chickens. The SFE combined with liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the concentrations of the fluoroquinolones decreased gradually with time in the chicken muscles after oral treatment, giving a concentration less than 5 ng/ml in 120 h. No further sample cleanup procedures were required after the SFE. These results suggest that SFE method is an extraction method for the determination of norfloxacin and ofloxacin in chicken muscle.     

合成2-氟腺嘌呤的新方法

从2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤出发,通过叠氮化反应合成2-氨基-6-叠氮嘌呤(3),3在希曼反应中完成氟对氨基的取代得到2-氟-6-叠氮嘌呤(4),4的叠氮基被还原为氨基制备出目标化合物2-氟腺嘌呤,总收率39.3%。     

Application of water as a solvent in microwave-assisted extraction for analysis of PCBs and CBzs in fly ash

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorobenzenes (CBzs) are two classes of dioxin precursors formed in municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs); they produce negative health effects similar to those of dioxins. Reducing the analytical time required for determining the concentrations of these compounds in MSWIs is important for quickly evaluating their importance and assessing associated health risks. In the present study, water is used as a safe and environmentally friendly solvent in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for PCB and CBz analyses. MAE is compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction (SE) to determine the extraction efficiencies. The evaluation of extraction efficiencies shows that MAE has a high extraction efficiency compared with that of SE when water content is lower than 60%. Furthermore, the extraction time and organic solvent consumption are reduced with MAE compared with SE.     

羟基铝溶液及铝交联蒙脱土的研究

本文用(27)~Al NMR法和8-羟基喹啉萃取法分别研究了羟基铝溶液中十三聚铝含量的变化规律,还用X-射线衍射法研究了铝交联蒙脱土d_(001)的变化。研究结果表明,铝离子的聚合情况主要由羟铝比决定,而浓度影响不大。随着羟铝比的增加,溶液中单核铝离子含量减少,十三聚铝离子相对含量增加,所得铝交联蒙脱土的d_(001)也随之增大。参照这些变化规律、控制羟基铝溶液的组成,可以制备各种层柱状铝交联蒙脱土复合物。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定表层水体中5类40种抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱（SPE-HPLC-MS/MS）同时检测表层水中5类40种抗生素的分析方法。水样经过滤、固相萃取柱富集净化后，以乙腈-0.2%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，采用电喷雾电离源，在多反应监测、正离子模式进行定性定量分析。结果显示，40种抗生素在1~200 μg/L水平下线性关系良好，平均加标回收率为41.3%~112.6%。采用该方法对长江南京段表层水体进行检测，共检出13种抗生素，含量为13.4~780.5 ng/L，其中喹诺酮类抗生素恩诺沙星检出率达100%，大环内酯类抗生素克林霉素最高检出水平达739.4 ng/L。该法高效、灵敏、可靠，可用于实际水样中多种抗生素的分析。