A facile approach to prepare water-soluble magnetic metal (oxide) frameworks based on Na,Ca alginate and maghemite

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Au纳米粒子增强丙酮受激拉曼散射研究

受激拉曼散射(stimulated Raman scattering,SRS)具有激光的特性,并且容易获取不同波长的激光,从而成为调谐激光频率的重要途径之一。然而,由于其转化效率低,限制了它的实际应用。金属纳米粒子具有很强的表面增强效应,曾被广泛地用于增强拉曼散射而获得良好的效果。本文提出将金属纳米粒子的这种性质用于增强SRS。把Au纳米粒子混合于拉曼介质丙酮中,以532nm的纳秒脉冲激光作为激发光,研究了Au纳米粒子在丙酮中的浓度对丙酮SRS一阶Stokes光强的影响,并通过仿真计算对实验结果进行了解释和分析。     

Viscosity dependence of electrochemical etching for gold tip fabrication

We suggest an electrochemical etching method with viscous etchant to enhance the sharpness of tip of scanning probe microscope. The viscosity of the etchant mixed with HCl solution and glycerol was used as a control parameter in addition to the voltage applied to the tip. In order to improve the sharpness of the tip, a nano-scale meniscus formed between the end of the tip and the liquid level was used. The shapes, aspect ratios, and radii of tips were measured depending on the concentration of the etchant. It was found that the tip etched with the mixed liquid with glycerol was sharper than the tip with the pure HCl solution. This can be explained by the fact that the meniscus formed by viscous liquid is maintained with a thinner diameter and causes final etching until the meniscus bridge is ruptured.     

Multi-scale retinex improvement for nighttime image enhancement

We propose a retinex improvement for nighttime image enhancement. Retinex is often used on images under non-uniform illumination in terms of either color or lightness and has satisfactory results to achieve color constancy and dynamic range compression. Few studies focus retinex on nighttime images, especially those under extreme conditions (i.e., images with over-lighted or extremely under-lighted areas or with noise speckles), on which retinex operation can perform badly. Original multi-scale retinex (MSR) is extremely sensitive to noise speckles that cameras produce in low light areas, and it has unsatisfactory effect on areas with normal or intensive illumination. Moreover, original MSR uses a gain-offset method for prior-to-display treatment and can lead to apparent data loss on nighttime images. This paper replaces the logarithm function in MSR with a customized sigmoid function to minimize data loss, and adapts MSR to nighttime images by merging results from sigmoid-MSR with original images. Experiments show our framework, when applied to nighttime images, can preserve areas with normal or intensive lighting and suppress noise speckles in extreme low light areas.     

Design,preparation and characterization of Cu/GA/Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as a catalyst for the synthesis of benzodiazepines and imidazoles

The synthesis and characterization of an efficient and reusable nanocatalyst, Cu/GA/Fe₃O₄@SiO₂, obtained by ultrasonic‐assisted grafting of guanidineacetic acid on modified Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell nanocomposite spheres and subsequent immobilization of Cu(II), are described. The catalyst was characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The prepared nanocatalyst facilitated an efficient and straightforward friendly procedure for the synthesis of benzodiazepines and imidazoles in ethanol and under solvent‐free conditions, respectively. The nanocatalyst can be easily recovered using a magnet and reused several times without any significant loss of activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Silica iodide catalyzed,ultrasound-promoted,one-pot four-component synthesis of novel 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate derivatives

Silica iodide catalyzed, competent synthesis of 15 novel substituted-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate derivatives was achieved by a one-pot four-component cyclocondensation of Meldrum's acid, aryl aldehydes, aromatic amines and ethyl acetoacetate under ultrasonic irradiation. In comparison to the conventional methods, our protocol is convenient, eco-friendly and offers several benefits such as: mild conditions, high yields, shorter reaction time and ease in product isolation.     

Effective contrast enhancement method for color night vision

Image fusion refers to the techniques that integrate complementary information from multiple image sensors’ data in a way that makes the new images more suitable for human visual perception. The paper focuses on the low color contrast problem of linear fusion algorithms with color transfer method. Firstly, the contrast of infrared and visible images is enhanced using local histogram equalization and median filter. Then the two enhanced images are fused into the three components of a Lab image in terms of a simple linear fusion strategy. To enhance the color contrast between the target and the background, the scaling factor is introduced into the transferring equation in the b channel. Experimental results based on three different data sets show that the hot and cold targets are all popped out with intense colors while the background details present natural color appearance. Target detection experiments through target recognition area, detection rate, target-background discrimination also show that the presented method has a better performance than the former methods.     

Zinc‐containing ionic liquid as a dual solvent‐catalyst in base‐free condensations under ultrasonic irradiation

In this study, natural‐based ionic liquid (IL) using caffeine (Caff), trietahnolamine (TEA) and ZnBr₂, [Caff‐TEA]⁺[ZnBr₃]^?, which features high catalytic activity and environmentally‐friendly nature was synthesized with melting point of 76 °C by a facile method. The synthesized [Caff‐TEA]⁺[ZnBr₃]^? has high catalytic activity as both of catalyst and solvent in condensation reactions for the synthesis of benzylidenes, bis‐hydroxyenones and xanthenes. Synthesized IL was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹HNMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Also synthesized heterocycles were characterized by FT‐IR, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹HNMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³CNMR).