Solute Concentration Profiles for Discontinuous Dissolution in Al-22 at. % Zn Alloy

The discontinuous dissolution reaction has been analyzed in an Al-22 at. % Zn alloy. A simulation method based on the Ziba-Pawowski equation has been used to determine the solute concentration profiles expected to form behind the receding cell boundary for various initial values of the solute concentration in the lamella at the / interface as well as the solute concentration in the newly formed solid solution at the tip of the lamella. A criterion for the applicability of the Ziba-Pawowski model has been formulated. The simulated profiles are in a very good agreement with the experimental ones obtained by using a special procedure involving in situ observation and high spatial X-ray measurements in a transmission electron microscope.     

A DSC study of precipitation hardening in a WE43 Mg alloy

The phase transformations leading to hardening a Mg-Y-Nd-Zr (WE43) alloy submitted to thermal treatments are followed by calorimetric and microhardness measurements. A double-stage thermal treatment is adopted, the first at 210°C for 8 h and the second at 150°C, on samples quenched from a temperature higher than the conventional one. A secondary precipitation of the metastable phase β″ in the second stage makes the hardness increase with respect to the primary precipitation.     

通过可控沉积和交联制备蛋白质微胶囊

通过加入反溶剂控制牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在碳酸锰微粒表面的沉积, 形成连续薄膜后交联, 去除模板后得到了尺寸均匀和分散良好的BSA中空微胶囊. 囊壁厚度可以通过滴加乙醇控制; 囊壁的截留分子量在70000—155000之间. 由于BSA含有丰富的自由羧基, 得到的微胶囊表现出pH响应性. 这种快速简便制备微胶囊的方法也可以应用于其它蛋白质及酶, 得到的生物相容的微胶囊将在药物控制释放等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

存在外加浓度梯度时的沉淀斑图形成

本文主要讨论了内电解质非均匀分布情况下的沉淀图案形成。通过施加反应物的不同浓度梯度,可以观察到几类新的沉淀斑图结构,如分叉状,苞芽状斑图,以及有断环间隔的Liesegang环。分析表明,尽管外加了浓度梯度,但第n个环形成的位置与形成的时间还是满足普通Liesegang环的简单定律。所不同的是,反应体系中一旦有断环形成,相邻沉淀条纹间距比值X_n+1/X_n就会偏离原来的线性关系。     

Cu-Bi纳米粉体的制备及其可见光光催化性能研究

以Cu（NO3）2、Bi（NO3）3、COfNH）2为原料,聚乙二醇（PEG）为分散剂,采用均匀共沉淀法制备了Cu-Bi催化剂,用X-射线粉末衍射法、能量色散法、透射电镜和紫外－可见漫反射光谱法对催化剂的组成、粒径大小、表面形貌和光学吸收性能进行了详细表征,并以酸性大红和亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,考察了所制备的Cu－Bi催化剂在可见光下的光催化性能。实验结果表明,该催化剂为类球形纳米粉体,粒度均匀,粒径约50nm。在可见光作用下,该催化剂对酸性大红和亚甲基蓝均表现出良好的光催化性能,且在240min前,对酸性大红的降解率要优于亚甲基蓝;240min后则两者的降解效果相近。     

Adsorption of carbaryl using molecularly imprinted microspheres prepared by precipitation polymerization

To obtain the desired specific adsorbents for carbaryl to enrichment, separation, and analysis of trace pesticide residues in environmental water, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres were prepared by precipitation polymerization using carbaryl, methacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), and acetonitrile as template, functional monomer, cross‐linker, initiator, and porogen, respectively. Molecular modeling software was used to compute rational interaction between the template molecule and function monomer. The adsorption properties of carbaryl in acetonitrile for imprinted microspheres were evaluated by equilibrium rebinding experiments. Scatchard plot analysis revealed that there was one class of binding sites populated in the imprinted polymer microspheres with dissociation constants of 3.3 × 10^?2 mol/l and an apparent maximum number of 1.95 µmol/g. The specificity of the imprinted microspheres was investigated by binding analysis using carbaryl and structurally related carbamate pesticides. The results indicated that the obtained imprinted microspheres showed a good selectivity for carbaryl. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AlOOH在一氧化碳加氢反应中结构与性能的研究

采用沉淀水热法,通过调变水热过程中水与凝胶的质量比制备了不同的AlOOH,将其与工业甲醇催化剂C302混合形成复合催化剂,考察复合催化剂对一氧化碳加氢的影响,同时运用XRD、FT-IR、BET、NH_3-TPD-M S、TG-DTG和H_2-TPR等技术对不同AlOOH进行了表征。结果表明,水热过程中水与凝胶的质量比对AlOOH择优取向晶面、孔结构、表面酸强度等存在明显影响,进而导致复合催化剂产物中出现分布不同的低碳醇或二甲醚。其中,当水和凝胶的质量比为2∶1时,AlOOH的(020)和(120)晶面择优取向,孔容增大,且其表面具有适宜的强弱酸比例中心,复合催化剂呈现出较高的低碳醇选择性,表明AlOOH具有碳链增长的作用,这为合成气制取低碳醇催化剂提供了新的思路。     

混合溶剂沉淀聚合制备高分子量聚丙烯腈研究进展

为了获得高性能的聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维,采用高分子量PAN共聚物进行纺丝是最有效的解决途径。本文主要从聚合反应机理、共聚单体类型、引发剂种类、混合溶剂选择以及聚合工艺条件等五个方面出发,阐述了混合溶剂沉淀聚合制备高分子量PAN的工艺特点和研究现状。该工艺采用水/有机溶剂混合体系为反应介质,兼具均相溶液聚合和非均相聚合的双重优点,能够合成出高分子量且内部结构疏松的PAN共聚物,是制备高性能PAN前驱体的重要合成方法。     

Fast and effective low‐temperature freezing extraction technique to determine organotin compounds in edible vegetable oil

Most organotin compounds that have been widely used in food packaging materials and production process show serious toxicity effects to human health. In this study, a simple and low‐cost method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of four organotins in edible vegetable oil samples was developed. Four organotins including dibutyltin dichloride, tributyltin chloride, diphenyltin dichloride, and triphenyltin chloride were simultaneously extracted with methanol using the low‐temperature precipitation process. After being concentrated, the extracts were purified by matrix solid‐phase dispersion using graphitized carbon black. The experimental parameters such as extraction solvent and clean‐up material were optimized. To evaluate the accuracy of the new method, the recoveries were investigated. In addition, a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was also proposed for comparison. The procedures of extracting and purifying samples for the analysis were simple and easy to perform batch operations, also showed good efficiency with lower relative standard deviation. The limits of detection of the four organotins were 0.28–0.59 μg/L, and the limits of quantification of the four organotins were 0.93–1.8 μg/L, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of the four organotins in edible vegetable oil. Some analytes were detected at the level of 2.5–28.8 μg/kg.