激光诱导等离子体光谱法检测合金钢组分的实验研究

激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)具有无需样品制备,原位快速分析,可进行实时控制的特点使其在钢铁冶炼控制中具有巨大的实际应用价值。本文以波长为1 064 nm的Nd∶YAG调Q固体激光器为激发光源,CCD为探测器,高合金钢GBW01605—01609系列为样品,在建立的LIBS实验装置上研究激光与合金钢之间的相互作用。系统地研究了观测距离、激光能量对高合金钢样品中激光诱导击穿谱特性的影响,并分析了LIBS信号的时间分辨特性,确定了将LIBS用于合金钢微量元素定量分析时的最佳实验条件。     

基于知识管理视角的复杂产品研发绩效模型

复杂产品研发团队的知识管理显著地影响其研发绩效,基于知识管理视角研究了复杂产品研发团队的研发绩效。本文基于团队合作理论和知识管理理论,以复杂产品研发活动为背景,提出若干合理假设,应用经济学中成本-收益方法,建立了复杂产品研发绩效的数学模型,分析了影响复杂产品研发绩效的主要因素。研究结果表明:提高成员的知识接受能力可以提高研发绩效,但存在平台现象;团队规模与研发绩效之间呈现倒U型曲线关系;团队分组影响绩效,规模较大的团队适宜进行较多的分组;工作时间分配与绩效的关系取决于成员的知识接受能力。     

Epigenetic game theory: How to compute the epigenetic control of maternal-to-zygotic transition

Epigenetic reprogramming is thought to play a critical role in maintaining the normal development of embryos. How the methylation state of paternal and maternal genomes regulates embryogenesis depends on the interaction and coordination of the gametes of two sexes. While there is abundant research in exploring the epigenetic interactions of sperms and oocytes, a knowledge gap exists in the mechanistic quantitation of these interactions and their impact on embryo development. This review aims at formulating a modeling framework to address this gap through the integration and synthesis of evolutionary game theory and the latest discoveries of the epigenetic control of embryo development by next-generation sequencing. This framework, named epigenetic game theory or epiGame, views embryogenesis as an ecological system in which two highly distinct and specialized gametes coordinate through either cooperation or competition, or both, to maximize the fitness of embryos under Darwinian selection. By implementing a system of ordinary differential equations, epiGame quantifies the pattern and relative magnitude of the methylation effects on embryogenesis by the mechanisms of cooperation and competition. epiGame may gain new insight into reproductive biology and can be potentially applied to design personalized medicines for genetic disorder intervention.     

一种等离子体湍流实验数据分析程序的设计与应用

针对磁约束聚变等离子体边缘湍流中非线性能量传递过程的问题,开发了数据分析程序。该程序基于数字谱分析技术来求解波耦合方程,进而计算与三波相互作用相关联的线性和非线性耦合系数以及能量转移。介绍了算法设计和程序开发的主要思想,并对程序进行了仿真测试。然后应用该程序分析了反场箍缩装置实验的一次放电实验数据,观察到湍流之间的波耦合和能量级联现象,发现或证实了聚变等离子体湍流激发与增长的一种内在机制。     

生物吸附材料吸附水中砷的研究进展

砷是严重威胁人类健康的剧毒元素之一,近年来对砷的吸附研究成为人们关注的热点之一。壳聚糖、纤维素、微生物等生物吸附材料具有生产成本低、环境友好等优点,因而被作为新型的生物吸附材料得到广泛应用。本文综述了生物吸附材料在饮用水、地下水和工业废水处理中的应用研究,以及国内外的最新研究进展。     

Enantiomeric impurity determination in capillary electrophoresis using a highly-sulfated cyclodextrins-based method

Capillary electrophoresis (CE), using highly-sulfated cyclodextrins as chiral selectors, has been applied to determine the chiral purity of pharmaceutical compounds. A chiral separation strategy, developed earlier for racaemic mixtures, was applied on four basic drugs (propranolol, atenolol, chlorpheniramine and tryptophan methylester). The aim was to develop validated separation methods which allow determination of 0.1% impurity levels of the unwanted enantiomers (distomer) in the presence of 99.9% of the active compound (eutomer). The linearity, quantification limits for the trace enantiomers and the precision of the measurements were determined. In a second part, impurity separations have been simulated in order to evaluate the required resolution when assaying impurities. It is shown that a baseline resolution of 1.5, generally accepted for racaemic mixtures, does not always allow good impurity determinations. Two alternative methods to solve this problem have been proposed.     

基于通径分析的装配式建筑发展关键影响因素研究

基于装配式建筑发展能力视角,选取2016-2018年31个省份的实际数据,运用通径分析方法,分析经济能力、基础能力、政策环境能力三个维度影响因素对装配式建筑发展速度和发展规模两个层面的影响.研究发现,目前政策环境对发展速度促进作用最直接和显著,构件厂产能为代表的基础设施能力对发展规模直接作用最显著,以GDP为代表的经济...     

基于三角模糊熵的经济评价模型及副省级城市的实证研究

根据坚持以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的发展观的科学发展观的内涵,根据经济发展速度、经济发展质量及可持续发展等六个评价准则构建了经济评价指标体系。用客观赋权的熵值法和主观赋权的三角模糊法组合确定指标最优权重,建立了基于组合赋权的经济综合评价模型,并采用中国10个副省级城市的截面数据进行实证分析。本文的创新与特色一是通过对可持续发展和经济结构等准则层的指标评价,反映科学发展观全面协调可持续的基本要求。二是通过利用一个指标与另一个指标分值离差平方和最大原则,使各评价对象的多属性综合评价值尽可能分散、以便更清晰地体现指标对比的差异。改变了现有组合赋权研究中的由于平均赋权而导致指标差异不明显的状况。研究结果表明,根据我国10个典型副省级城市的截面数据、在指标分值离差平方和最大原则下建立优化模型,得到的主、客观权重分别为0.471和0.529。三是通过组合赋权,既保留了熵值法等客观赋权对实际情况的真实反映和对未来因素的推测、又反映了三角模糊等主观赋权所体现的指标属性对评价的重要程度和专家的知识与经验。四是对GDP增长率等适中型指标用偏离最优值的程度评分,解决了现有评价片面认为这些指标越大越好或越小越好的不合理问题。五是根...     

Compromising prioritization from pairwise comparisons considering type I and II errors

We explore an important problem in prioritizing product design alternatives, using a real-world case. Despite the importance of prioritization in the area of new product development, the development of systematic schemes has been limited and the concepts and methods developed in the decision analysis area do not seem to be used actively. Therefore, we propose a new method, referred to as the compromising prioritization technique, to prioritize the product design alternatives based on paired comparisons. It introduces type I and type II errors and compromises these two errors to arrive at a desirable order of alternatives. To accomplish this, the two indices of homogeneity and separation are developed together with a heuristic algorithm. A comparative study is also conducted to support our method for use in product development and analogous areas. We then demonstrate how to use the developed compromising prioritization technique using a case study on the asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)-based high-speed internet service product.     

高校本科化学和应用化学专业人才培养中专业课程的设置研究

大学教育中专业课程设置是实现专业人才培养目标的核心。通过调研国内外部分高校本科化学和应用化学专业的专业基础课程、专业核心课程和专业延伸课程的设置情况,提出了本科化学类专业人才培养中合理设置3个层次课程的依据和建议,明确了专业课程结构,为制定本科化学类专业的人才培养方案提供了参考,对指导和促进化学类专业人才的培养具有重要意义。