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21.
On Vaporizing Water Flow in Hot Sub-Vertical Rock Fractures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water injection into unsaturated fractured rock at above-boiling temperatures gives rise to complex fluid flow and heat transfer processes. Examples include water injection into depleted vapor-dominated geothermal reservoirs, and emplacement of heat-generating nuclear wastes in unsaturated fractured rock. We conceptualize fractures as two-dimensional heterogeneous porous media, and use geostatistical techniques to generate synthetic permeability distributions in the fracture plane. Water flow in hot high-angle fractures is simulated numerically, taking into account the combined action of gravity, capillary, and pressure forces, and conductive heat transfer from the wall rocks which gives rise to strong vaporization. In heterogeneous fractures boiling plumes are found to have dendritic shapes, and to be subject to strong lateral flow effects. Fractures with spatially-averaged homogeneous permeabilities tend to give poor approximations for vaporization behavior and liquid migration patterns. Depending on water flow rates, rock temperature, and fracture permeability, liquid water can migrate considerable distances through fractured rock that is at above-boiling temperatures and be only partially vaporized. 相似文献
22.
Mode Specificity,Bond Selectivity,and Product Energy Disposal in X + CH4/CHD3 (X=H,F, O(3P), Cl,and OH) Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions: Perspective from Sudden Vector Projection Model 下载免费PDF全文
Reactions between methane and various radicals have become the workhorse in our understanding of mode specificity and bond selectivity in bimolecular reactions. In this work, the recently proposed Sudden Vector Projection (SVP) model is used to gain insight into the existing experimental and theoretical data on these reactions. The SVP model attributes mode specificity and bond selectivity to the coupling of reactant modes/bonds with the reaction coordinate at the transition state. In the sudden limit, the strength of the coupling can be simply computed by projecting the corresponding reactant normal mode vector onto that of the imaginary frequency mode at the saddle point. In addition, the SVP model can be used to predict energy disposal in the products, thanks to microscopic reversibility. It is shown that most of the mode‐specific and bond‐selective chemistry in X + CH4/CHD3 (X=H, F, O(3P), Cl, and OH) reactions can be reasonably understood with this simple model. 相似文献
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A J M Barros J C O Santos S Prasad V D Leite A G Souza L E B Soledade M S B Duarte V D dos Santos 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2006,83(2):291-295
The conventional treatments
of effluents containing heavy metals produce significant quantities of byproducts
with recalcitrant characteristics, making necessary looking after alternative
techniques in order to avoid the production of new contaminated residues.
Sorption process of chromium and zinc in vertical columns loaded with sewage
sludge and organic solid waste has been studied in this work. The data from
the TG curves of the two sorbents presented significant differences when they
were submitted to the metal uptake, being noticed the displacement of the
thermal events towards lower temperatures for both types of sorbents studied.
As it was expected, for both sorbents, an increase in the mass of samples
has been observed at the completion of the thermal tests upon metal uptake.
Therefore, these facts demonstrate that during the biosorption process a physico-chemical
interaction took place between sorbents and metals, as it was evidenced by
the more than 100 K increase in the decomposition temperatures as well as
the variation of the ΔH values of the
samples. 相似文献
26.
D. Munsche 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(1):32-33
Für die spektroskopische 15N-Bestimmung wird zur Füllung des elektrodenlosen Entladungsrohres der Stickstoff in sehr reinem gasförmigem- Zustand gebraucht. Bei den meisten zu untersuchenden Substanzen liegt der Stickstoff in gebundener Form vor. Die Aufarbeitung kann über Veraschung nach KJELDAHL und Umarbeitung des NH4Cl zu N2 oder durch Verbrennung nach DUMASerfolgen. Dieerste Methode wird sehr haufig angewendet, wobei die Oxydation des Ammoniumchlorids mit alkalischer Hypobromitlauge nach RITTENBERG 1 am verbreitetsten ist. Die Oxydation mit Kupferoxid wurde von HOCH und WEISSER 2 sowie von FAUST 3 beschrieben. ROLLE 4 wendet diese Oxydation des NH4Cl für die Umarbeitung zur massenspektrometrischen Bestimmung an. Bei der Verbrennung der Substanz nach DUMAS fällt die KJELDAHL-Veraschung und die Umarbeitung des NH4Cl weg, was eine Vereinfachung bedeutet. Dennoch wird diese Methode für die spektroskopische 15N-Bestimmung nur wenig angewendet. 相似文献
27.
船摇数据实时滤波与预报的时序法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
作为船摇数据建立一个时序时域模型-长自回归模型,在此模型基础上给出了船摇数据的实时滤波和预报的方法,并从均方误差、预报误差、残差序列的相关性、拟合方差、仿真计算等多方面考察了滤波及预报效果。AR(p)模型的系数估计采用最小二乘递推方法,用较少的运算量和存贮量,得到了较高的估值精度。该方法是一种非常值得推荐的船摇数据实时处理方法。 相似文献
28.
采用灰熔点仪、X射线荧光仪(XRF)研究了无机非金属P2O5对城市污水污泥与烟煤的混烧灰熔融特性的影响,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)研究在各混烧温度下灰中含磷矿物在晶体和非晶体间的演变。结果表明,对于Al_2O_3含量较多且熔点较高的灰样,磷含量的增加可显著降低其灰熔点,P2O5含量在0-4%时影响最大,使其灰熔点降低126℃;但对碱性含量高的灰样的影响较小。低温灰中主要以磷酸铝(AlPO_4)晶体为主,温度升高后,与硬石膏(CaSO_4)等含钙矿物和赤铁矿(Fe_2O_3)反应生成晶体Ca_3(PO_4)_2和玻璃相(Fe_2O_3)_(0.252)(P_2O_5)_(0.748),磷含量增加可使灰中玻璃相(Fe_2O_3)_(0.252)(P_2O_5)_(0.748)增加,是磷降低灰熔点的主要原因。 相似文献
29.
Meghdad Pirsaheb Hiva Hosseini Hasan Mohamadi Sorkali Negar Noori 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2019,99(2):112-123
In the present study, a new method for extraction and preconcentration of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone was used in hospitalised sewage samples, called vortex-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on the solidification of deep eutectic solvent. Samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection after preparation and extraction. In this method, the new deep eutectic solvent is used as the extraction solvent, which is obtained from the combination of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and n-butanoic acid. The important advantages of this novel extraction solvent include material stability, low density and good freezing point near room temperature. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors are in the range of 164–172. Repeatability and reproducibility of the method based on seven replicate measurements of 50.0 µg L?1 of the target analytes in analysed samples were in the range of 2.1–3.5% and 3.8–5.2%, respectively. The limit of detections and linearity are in the range of 0.005–0.10 and 3–600 µg L?1, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone in the real sewage samples. The relative recoveries of sewage samples spiked with amoxicillin and ceftriaxone are 91–107%. 相似文献
30.
水热污泥与煤在混燃过程中的协同效应特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水热污泥与煤在混燃过程中的协同效应特性研究 《燃料化学学报》2018,46(12):1437-1446
以城市污泥衍生的水热污泥(SS-derived hydrochar)为对象,结合傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)等对比研究了水热污泥与三种不同品阶煤(褐煤、烟煤和无烟煤)在有机/无机结构与燃料特性上的异同;同时,通过热重(TG)与偏差分析(Deviation)考察水热污泥与各阶煤在不同混合比例条件下的协同燃烧行为及其作用机制。结果表明,污泥经过水热处理后其有机结构和燃烧行为均提升至与煤相似的水平,该过程不仅改善污泥的燃烧特性,并增强其与煤之间的协同燃烧效应。水热污泥中适量的轻质组分与(碱)碱土金属能在混合燃烧过程中加速煤的失重速率,其对三种煤的促进作用可达4.4%-16.1%(褐煤)、1.9%-9.4%(烟煤)和4.8%-12.1%(无烟煤)。总体而言,水热污泥与褐煤混合而成的燃料在燃料性能上具有较大的优势,并且其混合比例以30%(水热污泥):70%(褐煤)与50%(水热污泥):50%(褐煤)为宜。 相似文献