Two different strategies for the fluorimetric determination of piroxicam in serum

Two different spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of piroxicam (PX) in serum are presented and discussed. One of them is based on the use of three-way fluorescence data and multivariate calibration performed with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and self-weighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD). This methodology exploits the so-called second-order advantage of the three-way data, allowing to obtain the concentration of the studied analyte in the presence of any number of uncalibrated (serum) components. The method was developed following two different procedures: internal standard addition and external calibration with standard solutions, which were compared and discussed. The second approach investigated is based on the combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and room temperature fluorimetry. Both methods here presented yield satisfactory results. The concentration range in which PX could be determined in serum was 1–10 μg ml⁻¹. The limits of quantification for the experimental solutions using the chemometric approach were 0.09 μg ml⁻¹ for the standard addition mode and 0.12 μg ml⁻¹ using external calibration (both for PARAFAC and SWATLD algorithms). In the solid-surface fluorimetric method, the calibration graph was linear up to 0.22 μg ml⁻¹ and the limit of quantification was 0.02 μg ml⁻¹.     

氢火焰离子化检测器校正因子的理论计算

根据FID检测器工作原理，提出一种相对质量校正因子的计算公式。由该公式出发可以推导出相对摩尔响应值（RMR）与化合物碳数的线性关系式和有效碳数的近似计算方法，并赋予原计算方法中的参数以明确的含意，解决了参数之间的矛盾。新方法的计算值同文献数据吻合良好。     

Determination of ageing time of spirits in oak barrels using a headspace–mass spectrometry (HS-MS) electronic nose system and multivariate calibration

The aromatic composition of sugar cane spirits and, in general, of alcoholic beverages, is mainly influenced by the ageing process in wood barrels. There are several factors that affect the quality of the final aged product, but the time of the storage in the barrel is perhaps the most important one. Ageing time must therefore be controlled in order to detect counterfeits; however, this parameter is very difficult to control and, at present, there is no analytical method available to determine it. We propose a quantitative method for determining the ageing time of sugar cane spirits in oak barrels by using an electronic nose based on coupling directly a headspace sampler to a mass spectrometer (HS-MS), and multivariate calibration. The method developed is simple and provides, in 5 min, the ageing time of spirits with an accuracy of about 1 month.     

2-苯基苯并咪唑衍生物非线性光学性质的从头算研究

采用HF／6-31G^*方法优化分子构型，在此基础上用CPHF方法系统地研究了多种基团取代的2-苯基苯并咪唑衍生物的二阶非线性光学系数βvec，并对βvdc的影响因素进行了探讨，为进一步设计综合性能优良的有机非线性光学材料提供理论指导．     

6291型热变形温度和维卡软化温度测试仪的校准及故障排除

介绍6291型热变形温度和维卡软化温度测试仪的温度校准和位移校准方法，对测试仪的一些常见故障，例如电源故障，主温度传感器故障，电加热系统控制单元故障及测试站的温度偏差较大等进行了分析，并给出了排除故障的方法。     

亚烷基卡宾与甲醛环加成反应机理的理论研究

用二阶微扰理论研究了单重态亚烷基卡宾与甲醛发生的三种环加成反应的机理 ，采用MP2/6－31G~*方法计算了势能面上各驻点的构型参数、振动频率和能量。根 据能量数据可以预言环加成反应（1）的a途径将是单重态亚烷基卡宾与甲醛环加成 反应的主要反应通道，该反应由两步组成：（I）亚烷基卡宾与甲醛生成了一富能 中间体（INT1a），是一无势垒的放热反应，（II）中间体异构化为产物亚烷基环 乙烷，其势垒为24.1 kJ·mol~(-1)(MP2/6-31G~*)。     

一种基于流动注射梯度技术识别异常峰及校正的方法

基于流动注射梯度信息提出了一种利用梯度比均值进行定量的校正方法。方法具有在线自动判别和修复异常峰并自行校正的功能，和通用的标准系列定量方法相比，两者测定精度相当。但本文提出的方法抗干扰能力明显优于后者，可适用于在线过程监测。     

Accurate Gaussian basis sets for the H2O molecule generated with the molecular improved generator coordinate Hartree–Fock method

The molecular improved generator coordinate Hartree–Fock (MIGCHF) method is used to generate accurate basis sets of primitive Gaussian-type functions for the H₂O molecule. Sequences of increasing size atom centered basis sets are employed to explore the accuracy that can be achieved with this method. Using the O(24s14p8d5f2g1h);H(22s9p5d2f1g) basis set, the HF and second-order electron correlation energies of the H₂O ground state at the experimental geometry are computed as −76.0674680 and −0.3491935 hartree, respectively. The HF energy is in error by 20 μhartree and the second-order correlation energy corresponds to 96.5% of an estimate of the limiting value. The relevance of the present calculations is to show the accuracy that can be achieved in studies of small polyatomic molecules with the MIGCHF method.     

Direct and simultaneous spectrofluorometric determination of naproxen and salicylate in human serum assisted by chemometric analysis

A direct method for the simultaneous determination of naproxen and salicylate in human serum is reported, based on a combination of spectrofluorometric measurements with two multivariate calibration techniques: partial least-squares (PLS-1) and the novel net analyte preprocessing (NAP). The method is rapid, selective and sensitive, and is based on the measurement of the fluorescence spectra of NH₃ alkalinized whole human sera at the excitation wavelength of 315 nm. It can be applied within the ranges of concentrations 50-200 ng ml⁻¹ for naproxen and 100-300 ng ml⁻¹ for salicylate. The employed chemometric techniques have been compared on the basis of the statistical indicators for calibration and validation. Reproducibility and interference studies in abnormal sera have also been carried out.     

Performance of quantitative analyses by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry: from external calibration to isotopomer-based exact matching

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a versatile coupling system which combines both selectivity and sensitivity and certainty. Hence, it is generally considered as the most reliable technique to quantify chemical compounds in complex matrices. In the present paper, we evaluate the performance of LC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of 3-nitrotyrosine in human urine in order to point out its dependence on the design of the quantification method, and emphasize the role of matrix effects in the performance. We compare external and internal calibrations, isotope dilution and isotopomer-based exact matching. The role of both sample preparation and multiple transitions monitoring is particularly addressed.