New templating strategies with salen scaffolds (Salen=N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine dianion)

Templated approaches towards selective organic synthesis is a common feature in nature in which nucleic acid templated synthesis plays a crucial role in various fundamental biological processes. The key feature that allows control over the amazing selectivity found in natural processes is evidently the effective molarity of the reaction partners that is mediated by the macromolecular templation event. An ongoing challenge within many chemical sciences is to exploit similar templating principles and make use of synthetic systems that are designed for specific chemical conversions. Here, we describe the recent developments that involve (metallo)salen scaffolds that are used for diverse templating events (salen=N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine dianion).     

Co~Ⅱ(salen~*)存在下的氯丁二烯自由基聚合

研究了N,N'-双(3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛)-1,2-环己二胺钴(Ⅱ)[Co~Ⅱ(salen~*)]存在下氯丁二烯(CP)的自由基聚合,考察了不同溶剂、引发剂用量及配体对聚合反应的影响.结果表明,随着引发剂用量的增加,聚合反应的诱导期缩短,以[ABVN]0/[Co~Ⅱ(salen~*)]0=3/1配比投料,聚合反应表现出较好的可控聚合特征.在苯、甲苯、四氢呋喃(THF)和乙酸乙酯(EA)4种溶剂中按照[CP]_0/[Co~Ⅱ(salen~*)]0/[ABVN]0=400/1/3的配比投料,在苯中的可控聚合程度最好:在低转化率(40%以下)实测聚合物分子量(Mn,GPC)与理论值(Mn,th)吻合,且分子量随转化率增加呈线性增长.研究了THF、三乙胺(NEt3)、吡啶(Py)及水等不同配体对聚合反应的影响,发现在添加THF时,低转化率(40%以下)下Mn,GPC与Mn,th相符,分子量分布(PDI)相对较窄.     

An improved catalyst system for the iron-catalyzed intermolecular ring-expansion reactions of epoxides

A considerable improvement is reported in the iron-catalyzed ring-expansion reactions of epoxides generating tetrahydrofuran derivatives by formal insertion of an alkene. Optimization of the catalyst system revealed that a preformed [Fe(salen)] complex minimizes the formation of polymerization side-products so that increased yields of intermolecular reactions were obtained. However, more importantly, the scope of the reaction could also be enlarged considerably. The iron-catalyzed ring-expansion reaction can now be applied to some styrene oxide derivatives, acting as radical donors, as well as to a wide variety of acceptor-substituted acyclic alkenes and cyclic dienes that act as radical acceptors. The use of unsymmetrical radical acceptors led to interesting questions concerning the regiochemistry of the reactions. The conservation of the stereochemistry of the starting materials in the products was investigated through a study of the reactions of E- and Z-configured acceptor-substituted double bonds. The reactions of fumaric and maleic esters were performed and the ratios of diastereomeric and regioisomeric products were determined.     

A new copper(I)-tetrahydrosalen-catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction and its extension to the synthesis of (S)-norphenylephrine

A new chiral hydrogenated salen catalyst has been developed for the asymmetric Henry reaction which produces the expected products in moderate to high yields (up to 98 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96 % ee). A variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, enal, and aliphatic aldehydes were found to be suitable substrates in the presence of hydrogenated salen 1 f (10 mol %), (CuOTf)(2)C(7)H(8) (5 mol %), and 4 A molecular sieves. This process is air-tolerant and easily manipulated with readily available reagents, and has been successfully extended to the synthesis of (S)-norphenylephrine in 67 % overall yield, starting from commercially available m-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Based on experimental investigations and MM+ calculations, a possible catalytic cycle including a transition state (8 or A) has been proposed to explain the origin of reactivity and asymmetric inductivity.     

水溶性手性Salen Mn(III)的光谱性质及其对氨基酸客体的分子识别研究

合成并表征了手性配体SalenH2 及其锰配合物 .详细讨论了配体及配合物的红外光谱、电子吸收光谱和圆二色光谱性质 .研究结果表明 ,SalenMn(III)配合物在水溶液中为Δ构型 ,进一步证明了配合物中双偶氮螯环结构的确具有很高的刚性 .用紫外 -可见光谱滴定方法测定了锰配合物与氨基酸分子识别过程的缔合常数 ,实验结果表明 :主体SalenMn(III)对每一对氨基酸对映异构体的识别能力均表现为对D 型的识别能力比对L 型大 ,对具有相同对映构型的不同氨基酸客体的识别能力按Phe ,Val和Thr顺序依次递减 .圆二色光谱 (CD)考察结果与热力学研究结果一致 .此外 ,采用分子力学方法考察了主客体体系的最低能量构象 ,并对该构象进行了量子化学计算 ,从理论上对实验事实作了进一步解释 .     

Polymer-supported salen complexes for heterogeneous asymmetric synthesis: Stability and selectivity

This paper details the enantioselective performance of styrene/divinylbenzene-supported Mn- and Cr-based salen complexes for the epoxidation of olefins and the ring-opening of epoxides to azido-silyl ethers. The Mn catalyst produced the epoxides of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene, styrene, and cis-β-methylstyrene with enantiomeric excesses (ee's) of 46, 9, and 79%, respectively. For the Cr catalyst, the enantioselective ring-opening of epoxyhexane, propylene oxide, and cyclohexene oxide with trimethylsilyl azide proceeded with ee's of 34, 36, and 6%, respectively. Upon recycle of these heterogeneous catalysts, a degradation process was noted for the Mn-catalyst under the conditions for epoxidation that resulted in oxidation and decomposition of the ligand. This process also affects the homogeneous catalyst, thereby limiting the recyclability of both the homogeneous Mn catalyst and its heterogenized version for this reaction. The Cr-catalyzed reaction to ring-open epoxides employs milder conditions and allowed reuse of the heterogeneous catalyst without loss of activity or enantioselectivity through three runs with epoxyhexane. During reaction, the leaching of Cr from the heterogeneous catalyst is less than 0.1%, suggesting possible reuse of the catalyst over hundreds of cycles before reloading the polymer-supported salen ligand with metal would be necessary. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 3888–3898, 1999     

双功能金属锌(Salen)配合物催化的醛的不对称炔基加成反应

本文研究了双功能金属锌(Salen)配合物催化的醛的不对称炔基加成反应。在相应的反应中,当手性salen配体的C3和C3’位有路易斯碱性的1-哌啶甲基取代时,其和金属锌形成的配合物较一般的锌(Salen)配合物具有更好的催化活性和立体选择性。     

[ONSO]型Salen化合物的合成、单晶结构及金属离子识别

一些重金属离子即使在较低浓度时也会对环境、生物体产生毒性,所以研究痕量金属离子识别具有重大意义。荧光传感器由于具有选择性好、灵敏度高、成本低、实时响应等优点, 得到了广泛关注。以2,4-二叔丁基苯酚,3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛和邻氨基苯硫酚为原料合成了类Salen配体L1, 并用1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,元素分析及X射线单晶衍射等手段对其进行了表征。并通过自由挥发法得到了配体L1的单晶结构,实验表明L1是三斜晶、P-1空间群的一个空穴平面[ONSO]四配位环境。通过荧光光谱考察了类Salen配体与金属离子(Li+,Na+,K+,Cd2+,Cs+,Co2+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag+)的识别与配位性能。光谱滴定分析表明L1与Zn2+以1∶1的化学计量数配位。另外,L1与Zn2+结合后荧光显著增强,荧光检测限达到5.01×10-5 mol·L-1,而上述提到的其他常见金属离子不引起荧光光谱变化。结果表明L1是一个对检测Zn2+的选择性高,灵敏度强的荧光增强型探针。     

新型手性双核Salen Zn(II)配合物的分子识别研究

采用新型Salen中间体合成了新型Salen Zn(II)配合物. 用紫外-可见光谱滴定法研究了主体双核Salen Zn(II)与咪唑、二胺类等含氮小分子的分子识别行为, 测定了它们的缔合常数. 对咪唑类客体的缔合常数顺序为K^θ(Im)＞K^θ(2-MeIm)＞K^θ(EMeIm); 对二胺类客体缔合常数顺序为K^θ(DAP)＞K^θ(DAE). 主体与咪唑类和二胺类客体的配位数分别是2和1. 主体与这些客体的识别过程为放热、熵减的焓驱动反应. 利用圆二色光谱研究了识别过程的Cotton效应. 用分子力学方法研究了主客体体系的最低能量构型, 通过量化计算对实验事实做了进一步解释.     

手性(salen) Co配合物的合成及其在水解动力学拆分中的应用

综述了近几年来手性(salen) Co金属配合物的合成及其在水解动力学拆分末端环氧化合物中的应用。设计更合适的配体、发展可重复利用的催化剂、对催化剂及催化体系进行理论和模拟是当前乃至今后该领域研究工作的重点。