气相色谱/质谱法测定熏肉中的多环芳烃

建立了熏肉中多环芳烃的气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定方法。样品经正己烷-丙酮(体积比为1∶1)超声波提取、氧化铝柱净化后,用GC/MS分离测定。优化了25种多环芳烃(PAHs)化合物的分离测定条件。结果 25种PAHs回收率范围为48.5%-106.5%;日内(n=7)相对标准偏差为3.75%-7.95%。方法具有灵敏度高、准确度好、能同时分离测定20余种多环芳烃化合物的优点,适合于熏肉中多环芳烃化合物的分析测定。     

A biochemometrics strategy for tracing diuretic components of crude and processed Alisma orientale based on quantitative determination and pharmacological evaluation

We proposed a biochemometrics strategy for tracing diuretic components of herbs based on quantitative determination and pharmacological evaluation. First, a sensitive and robust liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry approach was established for simultaneous quantification of six major triterpenoids in crude and salt-processed Alisma orientale. The separation of triterpenoids was achieved on a BEH C₁₈ column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water spiked with 0.1% formic acid. Six major triterpenoids were detected by multiple reaction monitoring in the negative ion mode. Glycyrrhetinic acid was used as the internal standard. The approach showed good linearity. Intra- and inter-day precisions were all within 2.9%. The recovery rates of each triterpenoid ranged from 97.9% to 103.2%. The approach was then successfully employed for quantitative analysis of six triterpenoids in ten batches of crude and salt-processed A. orientale. Second, the diuretic effects of crude and salt-processed A. orientale were evaluated in mice. Third, principal component analysis and canonical correlation analysis were used to uncover the relationship between the contents of six major triterpenoids and the diuretic effect of different crude and salt-processed samples. Alisol B, alisol F, and alisol A have a close positive correlation with the diuretic effect.     

利用Turbiscan多重光散射技术研究常温液体奶酪的稳定性

常温液体奶酪是一种能够在室温下贮藏3~6个月的奶酪产品。液体奶酪在经高温处理后体系中的微生物数量达到商业无菌水平，但由于液体奶酪是一种水包油的不稳定乳液体系，在常温贮藏过程中，由于分散相颗粒的迁移和粒径大小变化导致乳液体系容易出现聚集、絮凝、浮油及沉淀等失稳现象，从而影响产品品质，缩短产品货架期，准确判断液体奶酪的稳定性对优化其加工条件具有重要意义。传统液态乳制品的稳定性评价主要是通过加速实验后肉眼观察分层、沉淀等情况，以及动态光散射等手段，尚缺乏快速可靠以及量化的评价标准。Turbiscan多重光技术在测试流体的稳定性时，无需对样品进行前处理，可实时检测样品的背向散射光和透射光的强度，计算出体系内部颗粒的迁移速率、沉淀层的厚度、体系的不稳定指数等参数，因此是评价流体稳定性的有效手段。研究利用Turbiscan多重光散射技术评价乳化盐、乳化剂、稳定剂和甜味剂的添加量对常温液体奶酪稳定性影响，同时以TSI值和感官得分为响应值，采用响应面法中的Box-Behnken试验设计模型优化常温液体奶酪的最佳配方工艺条件，并分析了导致常温液体奶酪不稳定的主要因素。研究发现：当乳化盐添加量为0.20%，0.40%，0.60%和0.80%时，24 h后的不稳定性指数从0.4增加到12.6；当乳化剂添加量为0.80%，1.0%时，24 h后的不稳定性指数从0.95增加到3.9；当稳定剂添加量为0.7%，0.9%时，24 h后的不稳定性指数从0.9增加到1.3，而甜味剂对体系整体稳定性的影响差异不显著。各因素对常温液体奶酪的不稳定性指数和感官得分影响顺序为乳化盐添加量（A）＞乳化剂添加量（B）＞稳定剂添加量（C）。乳化盐添加量0.60%、乳化剂添加量0.60%、稳定剂添加量0.70%、甜味剂添加量5.5%时，产品品质最佳且稳定性最高，在此优化条件下，样品在37 ℃，24 h内的整体不稳定指数值为0.80，样品顶端、底端的背散射光强变化值分别为0.66和0.78，感官评分为89分。研究表明通过调整乳化盐、乳化剂和稳定剂的用量能够很好地解决常温液体奶酪分层的问题，提高常温液体奶酪的稳定性。     

Effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of Satureja hortensis leaf on enhancing the shelf life and removing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in minced camel's meat: The role of nanotechnology in the food industry

Because herbal nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties, researchers have tried to synthesize them to aid in increasing the shelf time of food and food products. In this regard, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized by plants are particularly important. In this study, fresh and clean leaves of Satureja hortensis were selected for the synthesis of AuNPs. We also evaluated the efficacy of these nanoparticles to increase the shelf life of and remove Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes from minced camel's meat. The nanoparticles were analyzed by UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction tests. The FT-IR spectroscopy results demonstrated that the antioxidant compounds in the plant were the sources of reducing power, reducing gold ions to AuNPs. FE-SEM and TEM images revealed the size of the nanoparticles to be 22.26 nm. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for S. hortensis, AuNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene. S. hortensis and AuNPs had high cell viability dose-dependently against the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. At the beginning of the food industry part of this experiment, all samples of control, S. hortensis, and AuNPs were preserved at 4°C for 20 days. During these 20 days, the sensory, chemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed for all samples. AuNPs significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. In addition, AuNPs significantly increased the protein carbonyl content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, pH, peroxide value, total volatile base nitrogen, and sensory attributes (color, odor, and overall acceptability). The best results were seen in AuNPs (1%). These findings reveal that the inclusion of S. hortensis extract improves the solubility of AuNPs, which led to a notable enhancement in their preservative and antibacterial effects.     

Nine absorbed components pharmacokinetic of raw and processed Moutan Cortex in normal and blood-heat and hemorrhage syndrome model rats

Raw Moutan Cortex (RMC) and Processed Moutan Cortex (PMC) have a long history of use in China and other Asian countries. In this study, a rapid and accurate ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UHPLC–DAD) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of nine absorbed compounds of RMC/PMC. After extraction by protein precipitation with methanol from plasma, the analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC® BEH Shield RP₁₈ column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm, Waters, USA). Acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water (B) were selected as the mobile phase to perform gradient elution. The linearity of nine analytes was >0.9915. The intra- and inter-assay precision (RSD) values were within 11.18%, and accuracy ranged from 91.32 to 101.29%. Suitable stability, matrix effect and extraction recoveries were also obtained. The validated method was applied to compare the pharmacokinetics of RMC and PMC in Blood-Heat and Hemorrhage Syndrome Model and normal rats. The results revealed that processing and the pathological state could influence the pharmacokinetic characteristics of compounds in RMC/PMC. The study willbe useful for further studies on pharmacokinetics and clinical application of raw and processed Moutan Cortex.     

以有效值计算的热声键合PZT换能器阻抗分析

在热超声芯片键合过程中,PZT换能器阻抗是键合系统的一个重要的研究参数。本文在提取PZT换能器驱动电信号实部数据的前提下,采用连续加窗的有效统计值计算的广义阻抗表征整个键合周期内的PZT换能器阻抗变化,由此获得键合过程PZT换能器阻抗的动态变化规律。文中详细介绍了PZT换能器阻抗的试验方法,并分析了试验结果。     

Sol-Gel技术制备二阶有机/无机复合非线性光学材料的研究进展

溶胶－凝胶技术是制备材料的一种新兴低温工艺，它为两种完全不相容的成份—聚合物材料和无机玻璃的大比例混合（或键合）创造了可能，使得制备出的材料兼备两种成份的优点。本文综述了近年来溶胶－凝胶技术在制备有机／无机复合非线性光学材料领域中的应用，并简要分析了当前研究工作所面临的问题。     

大黄及其不同炮制品中6种元素的含量测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定了大黄及其不同炮制品中6种元素的含量。结果表明,大黄不同炮制品中这些元素的含量与生品相比均有差异。     

流动注射光度法测定肉制品中的亚硝酸盐

流动注射光度法测定肉制品中的亚硝酸盐许汉英＊赵志明梁春王宝东（吉林进出口商品检验局长春１３００６２）关键词肉制品，亚硝酸盐，ＦＩ－分光光度法１９９６－１１－２８收稿，１９９７－０５－２２修回食品及环境样品中亚硝酸盐的测定有分光光度法［１～３］，极谱法...     

肉类中氯霉素(CAP)的高效液相色谱测定法

本文叙述用高效液相色谱法对注入猪体中的氯霉素进行测定的方法。此法检出下限为0.002mg/kg;对于含量为0.01mg/kg量级的回收率为75%。