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41.
We present to our knowledge the first application of Raman microscopic imaging to cementitious materials. This technique yielded the composition and phase distribution (spatial resolution ≈ 500 nm) in samples of cement stone taken from façade elements of four Swiss buildings covering the period of 1892–1924. Raman maps of Roman cement, a predecessor of modern Portland cement, reveal the chemical heterogeneity of clinker remnants consisting of various crystalline, polymorphic, and amorphous phases and visualize different crystal orientations. Our findings include the observation of the γ‐polymorph of Ca2SiO4 – previously, only detected in Portland cement – and Raman spectra of calcium aluminate (ferrite) interstitial phases in Roman cement showing significant differences to the corresponding phases in Portland cement clinker. Furthermore, calcite, vaterite, gypsum, and ettringite were identified in the rim of a nonhydrated residual nodule. Beyond binder remnants, aggregates in the form of spherical (≤500 µm diameter) slag and irregularly shaped pigment particles were analyzed. Here, we focused on the unambiguous identification of compounds in complex matrices by comparing sample spectra with database and own reference spectra. A Raman map collected on blast furnace slag in cement stone shows the spatial distribution of calcite, quartz glass and pyrite. Furthermore, several Fe‐containing, Si‐containing, and Pb‐containing phases were identified. The analysis of pigments partly confirmed and partly contradicted the bequeathed historic recipe of a cement stone façade. These results have direct implications in the field of conservation and restoration and generally demonstrate the potential of Raman imaging to provide deeper understanding of (historic) building materials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
42.
The purpose of the present study is to determine the elemental composition of Pakistani cement brands using calibration-free laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) and to compare the obtained results with the other analytical techniques such as, laser ablation – time-of-flight – mass spectrometry (LA-TOF-MS), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and proton induced X-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE). Compositional results reveal that all the cement brands are mainly composed of calcium, silicon, iron, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium, lithium and strontium with varying concentrations. The compositions obtained by LIBS and LA-TOF-MS are in good agreement with results obtained by the other standard techniques and demonstrate the potential use of LIBS for the online monitoring of industrial cement production. 相似文献
43.
F. I. El-Hosiny S. A. Abo-El-Enein I. M. Helmy Kh. A. Khalil 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1997,48(4):809-817
Portland cement was mixed with rice husk ash (RHA) fired at 450, 700 and 1000C, in ratios of 5, 15 and 25% of RHA by mass. Cement-RHA pastes were made by using a water/solid mixture ratio of 0.30 by mass and then cured for various hydration periods within the range 3 to 90 days. The surface properties of the hydrated samples were studied by means of the nitrogen adsorption technique. The results indicated that the hydrated cement-RHA samples made from rice husks fired at 450 and 700C gave higher values of surface area than that for the hydrated cement-RHA sample made from rice husks fired at 1000C. The surface area and pore volume results could be related to the pore structure of the silica produced in the RHA, as controlled by its predicted degree of crystallinity. 相似文献
44.
G. Baert S. Hoste G. De Schutter N. De Belie 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2008,94(2):485-492
Four paste mixtures with varying replacement level of the cement content by fly ash have been studied. Due to fly ash, the
acceleration period decreased and a third hydration peak was noticed with isothermal calorimetry. The total heat after 7 days
increased with increasing fly ash content. From 1 to 7 days, thermogravimetry showed a higher chemically bound water and Ca(OH)2-content for the pastes with fly ash. Between 7 and 14 days the calcium hydroxide started to be depleted due to the pozzolanic
reaction. A unique relation was found between calcium hydroxide and total heat development. 相似文献
45.
Sulphate resistance and passivation ability of the mortar made from pozzolan cement with zeolite 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sulphate resistance and passivation ability of the mortars made from pozzolan cement of CEM IV/A (P) type according to European
Standard EN 197-1 (zeolite blended cement with 60.82 mass% of PC clinker, 35.09 mass% of zeolite and 4.09 mass% of gypsum
abbreviated as ZBC) and ordinary Portland cement (abbreviated as PC) are introduced. Resistance tests were performed in water
and 5% sodium sulphate solution (both 20°C) for 720 days. The increased sulphate resistance of pozzolan cement relative to
that of PC was found. The key quantitative insight into the hydrate phase behaviour is given by thermal analysis. This is
due to pozzolanic reaction of zeolite with PC resulting in reduction of the formed Ca(OH)2 opposite to the reference PC. Ability of pozzolan cements with 15 to 50 mass% of zeolite to protect steel against corrosion
was verified in 20°C/85% RH-wet air within 180-day cure. Steel was not corroded in the mortars made with pozzolan cement containing
up to 35 mass% of zeolite. Pozzolan cement of CEM IV/A (P) type containing 35 mass% of zeolite is a suitable cementitious
material for concrete structures exposed to sulphate attack. Steel is protected against corrosion by this pozzolan cement
in the same measure as the reference PC. 相似文献
46.
47.
轻质水泥在油田固井中的广泛应用使得传统测井方式无法有效的对固井水泥胶结质量做出评价。为了研究新的可行的评价方法,本文采用传递矩阵方法对套管中传播的弯曲型Lamb波进行建模,并通过对所建模型进行数值计算研究了套管外水泥等介质的声学参数变化对弯曲型Lamb波衰减率的影响。数值计算的结果表明,弯曲型Lamb波的衰减率与水泥的声学参数以及水泥与套管的胶结状况有较强相关性,据此可对水泥与套管胶结状况进行评价。本文的计算结果与分析对弯曲型Lamb波在水泥胶结评价中的应用具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
48.
用量子化学的电荷自洽离散变分Xα(SCC-DV-Xα)计算方法研究了CaO-Al2O3系统五种水泥矿物的结构、性能与化学键之间的关系及固溶的杂质离子Na+对矿物性能的影响。计算结果表明:Ca-O共价键强度的次序是C3A < C12A7 < CA < CA2 < CA6,且各矿物的Ca-O键强度都小于它们的Al-O键强度,与相应的水泥矿物水化活性的实验结果一致。Na+固溶于C3A结构后使其Al-O键增强,水化活化能变大,态密度减小,被认为是Na+降低C3A水化活性的主要原因。 相似文献
49.
50.
C. Albano N. Camacho M. Hernández A. Matheus A. Gutiérrez 《Macromolecular Symposia》2009,286(1):195-202
Lightweight aggregate is an important material in reducing the unit weight of concrete and it is essential in the construction of high-rise buildings; besides, the use of recycled PET bottles as lightweight aggregate in concrete is an effective contribution for environmental preservation. So, the objective of the present work is to study the flexural strength of PET-concrete and PET thermal degradation in the concrete, when the blends with 10 and 20 vol% of PET are exposed to different temperatures (200, 400, 600 °C). The flexural strength of PET-concrete exposed to a heat source is strongly dependent on the temperature, the water/cement ratio, as well as on the content and particle size of PET. Furthermore, the activation energy for PET degradation is affected by temperature, location of PET particles on the slabs and the water/cement ratio. A higher content of water gives rise to hydrolytic degradation on PET and a higher vapor pressure that increases the formation of cracks on the concrete. The values of activation energy are higher on the center of the slabs than on the surface, due to the poor heat conduction of concrete. 相似文献