血液相容生医材料的合成研究15——苯乙烯型磺酸铵内盐单体的合成及其聚合物的抗血小板粘附性能

两性离子不凝血生物材料;血液相容生医材料的合成研究15——苯乙烯型磺酸铵内盐单体的合成及其聚合物的抗血小板粘附性能     

Anti‐Adhesive,Platelet Gathering Effects of c‐RGD Modified Poly(p‐dioxanone‐co‐l‐Phe) Electrospun Membrane and Its Comprehensive Application in Intestinal Anastomosis

Intestinal resection and anastomosis are performed in over a million people with various bowel diseases annually. Excessive fibrosis and anastomotic site leakage are the main complications of anastomosis surgery, despite great improvements in operative technique and equipment in recent years. In this study, cRGD modified poly(p‐dioxanone‐co‐l ‐Phe) (PDPA) membranes are designed and applied in intestinal anastomosis to simultaneously solve the two aforementioned complications. cRGD is modified onto PDPA membranes through both physical absorption and π–π accumulation between d ‐Phe of cRGD and l ‐Phe of PDPA. Although cRGD modification enhanced the biocompatibility of PDPA membranes, cRGD modified PDPA membrane suppresses fibroblast proliferation both in vitro and in vivo as a result of degradation and subsequent release of fibroblast suppressive l ‐Phe from PDPA. Meanwhile, platelets are entrapped by cRGD modified PDPA membranes through the specific binding of cRGD and platelet GP_IIbIIIa. cRGD modified PDPA membranes are applied in rat intestinal anastomosis, and both adhesion and stenosis are successfully prevented at anastomotic sites. At the same time, bursting pressure, which represents healing intensity at anastomotic sites, is promoted. The gathering and activation of platelets on PDPA membranes induce secretion of autologous PDGF and VEGF to facilitate angiogenesis and subsequent healing of anastomotic sites.     

Exfoliation of a stack of platelets and intercalation of polymer chains: Effects of molecular weight,entanglement, and interaction with the polymer matrix

Exfoliation of a stack of sheets (a model for clay platelets) in a dynamic matrix of polymer chains is investigated by a computer simulation model. How the interplay between the thermodynamics (interaction-driven) and conformational (structural constraints) entropy affects the exfoliation of sheets is the subject of this study. A stack of four sheets with a small initial interlayer distance constitutes the layer on a discrete lattice. The layered platelets are immersed in a matrix represented by the mobile polymer chains which occupy a fraction (concentration) of the lattice sites. Both sheets and chains are modeled by the bond-fluctuation mechanism and execute their stochastic motion via Metropolis algorithm. An attractive and a repulsive interaction between the polymer matrix and platelets are considered. Exfoliation of the sheets is examined by varying the molecular weight of the polymer chains forming a dynamic network matrix with various degrees of entanglements. At low-molecular weight of the polymer, exfoliation is achieved with repulsive interaction and the exfoliation is suppressed with attractive matrix as sheets stick together via polymer mediated interaction introduced by intercalated polymer chains. Increasing the molecular weight of the polymer matrix suppresses the exfoliation of sheets primarily due to enhanced entanglement—at high-molecular weight (with the radius of gyration of polymer chains larger than the characteristic linear dimension of the platelets), the stacked (layered) morphology is arrested via entropic trapping and exfoliation ceases to occur. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2696–2710, 2008     

Homology modeling of the receptor binding domain of human thrombopoietin

Platelet production in blood is regulated by a lineage specific humoral factor, thrombopoietin (TPO). The amino terminal domain of TPO (TPO-N) is responsible for the signal transduction mediated by the TPO receptor, c-mpl. From the predicted length of helices we found that TPO-N belongs to the long-chain subfamily of the four-helix bundle cytokine family. We built a three dimensional model of TPO-N by a comparative homology modeling procedure. The four helices of TPO-N with an up-up-down-down topology are stabilized by a tightly packed central hydrophobic core and the extended loop AB makes an additional hydrophobic core with helices B and D outside of the four helix bundle scaffold. An interpretation of the previous site directed mutageneses results in light of the model enabled us to identify two isolated receptor binding sites. The surface made of Lys 136, Lys 138 and Lys 140 in helix D, and Pro 42 and Glu 50 in loop AB forms the first receptor binding site, while the surface of Asp 8, Arg 10 and Lys14 in helix A represents the second binding site for the sequential receptor oligomerization.     

Latest advances in zwitterionic structures modified dialysis membranes

End-stage renal diseases are affecting many patients and as a result, demand to receive dialysis service is growing annually. Morbidity and mortality rates are reported to be higher in comparison with healthy humans. The reason is reported to be the hemoincompatiblity of blood purification membranes, which hinders patients’ lives. Activation of different immune systems in the body, in case of blood-membrane interaction, results in several side effects, of which cardiovascular shocks have been mentioned to be a major one. Efforts to solve this issue have resulted in different generations of dialysis membranes. Zwitterionic immobilized membranes are the latest (third) generation, which owns a higher degree of hemocompatiblity with more stability of immobilized structures. This critical review intends to cover recent efforts conducted over the zwitterionization of polymeric membrane surfaces with the goal of improving hemocompatibility. Different aspects of third-generation membranes are discussed for a better understanding of the current gap and gathering the knowledge to further develop the field. Accordingly, this critical survey provides an in-depth understanding of blood purification membranes zwitterionization for paving the way for the optimum enhancement of hemodialysis membrane hemocompatibility.     

脂肪酸量子化学特性对食用油脂生物学效应的影响

对一些食用油脂中的主要脂肪酸组份的量子化学参数进行计算，并与饲喂大鼠的相应生物学效应进行相关分析的结果表明，在各项大鼠血脂生化指标中，只有血清总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇含量与脂肪酸各项量子化学参数间存在显著性相关（P＜0．05），其中单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）的效果优于多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）。MUFA还可有效降低机体丙二醛含量，增强生物膜的流动性（P＜0．01）．不饱和脂肪酸分子中烯键碳原子上量子化学参数的急剧变化是油脂产生显著生物学效应的基本条件．     

稀土离子(La3+,Ce3+,Tb3+,Y3+)对炎症及血小板聚集的影响

研究稀土离子(La3 ,Ce3 ,Tb3 ,Y3 )对炎症、血小板聚集及蛋白磷酸化的影响.采用二甲苯使小鼠耳部致炎,腹腔注射稀土离子,观察炎症的变化;利用血小板聚集仪观察稀土离子对血小板聚集的影响;用放射标记法测量稀土对血小板蛋白磷酸化程度的影响.结果表明,稀土离子在2.5×10-4mol·L-1·kg-1的注射剂量下,能显著加强炎症反应;1×10-3mol·L-1的轻稀土(La3 ,Ce3 )对由ADP诱导的血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用,而重稀土(Tb3 ,Y3 )有明显的促进作用;浓度在1×10-6～1×10-4mol·L-1时,轻、重稀土均可促进血小板蛋白磷酸化.稀土离子对炎症、血小板聚集及蛋白磷酸化的影响与稀土的种类和剂量有关.     

Solvothermal Route to Prepare the Metastable Phase 3c-Fe7S8 with Hexagonal Platelet Morphology

The metastable phase 3c-Fe7S8 with the hexagonal platelct morphology has been prepared by using solvothermal route.The product was characterized by mcans of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron speetra (XPS).The experiment results show that the as-prepared Fe7S8 is a metastable phase with the hexagonal platelet morphology.