猪肝中β-受体激动剂多残留的样品前处理方法比较及同时检测

比较了乙酸铵提取法(即农业部1025号公告-18-2008方法)、乙腈直接提取法及10%碳酸钠-乙腈溶液提取法对猪肝脏中9种β-受体激动剂残留的提取效果。结果表明,乙酸铵提取法对非诺特罗和喷布特罗等药物的回收率较低(小于20%);乙腈直接提取法可有效提取出喷布特罗,其回收率达79%,但对非诺特罗的回收率仅为32%;而10%碳酸钠-乙腈溶液提取9种药物的效果明显好于其他两种方法,除了非诺特罗的回收率为72%外,其他8种药物的回收率均在80%以上。基于此,建立了猪肝脏中9种β-受体激动剂残留检测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。在优化条件下,9种药物在0.50～25μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;在0.50、2.0、10μg/kg 3个加标水平的回收率为71%～105%,相对标准偏差均小于15%;9种药物的检出限均达0.2μg/kg。方法的准确度和精密度达到残留分析要求。     

电脉冲激活猪卵母细胞的研究

通过对猪卵母细胞的电激活进行系统研究,结果表明：对于体外成熟卵母细胞,电场强度为 １ ２５０ Ｖ／ｃｍ ,脉冲时程为４０、６０ μｓ时,效果较好,一次脉冲激活率可达８５．３％ 和８７．１％ ;而对于体内成熟卵母细胞,电场强度为１ ５００ Ｖ／ｃｍ ,脉冲时程为４０、６０ μｓ 时,效果较好,一次脉冲激活率达８５．７％ 和８８．２％ ;增加脉冲次数并不能显著提高激活率,反而使卵母细胞裂解率显著增加;激活液选用０．３ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ甘露醇（含０．１ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｍｇ Ｓ Ｏ４ ）时,添加 ０．１ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｃａ Ｃｌ２ ,获得较好的激活率（８７．８％ ）电脉冲激活卵母细胞后进一步培养,体内和体外成熟卵母细胞的发育率并无显著差异     

衍射增强成像信息分离方法研究

衍射增强成像（DEI）是一种功能强大的相位衬度成像技术,对于软组织,它能获得比基于吸收的传统X射线成像技术更高的衬度.研究了一种基于DEI的信息分离方法,它能同时获得三种参数图像,即吸收像、折射像和小角散射像.信息分离利用解析方程求解,获得的参数图像质量取决于在三个不同的分析晶体角度处获得的DEI图像.利用矩阵条件数对方程求解的稳定性进行了讨论,推导出理论上的折射角和小角散射宽度的最大值.最后,利用豚鼠耳蜗DEI图像对研究结果进行了验证. 关键词： 信息分离 衍射增强成像 矩阵条件数 豚鼠耳蜗     

High-performance silicon nanopore hemofiltration membranes

Silicon micromachining provides the precise control of nanoscale features that can be fundamentally enabling for miniaturized, implantable medical devices. Concerns have been raised regarding blood biocompatibility of silicon-based materials and their application to hemodialysis and hemofiltration. A high-performance ultrathin hemofiltration membrane with monodisperse slit-shaped pores was fabricated using a sacrificial oxide technique and then surface-modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Fluid and macromolecular transport matched model predictions well. Protein adsorption, fouling, and thrombosis were significantly inhibited by the PEG. The membrane retained hydraulic permeability and molecular selectivity during a 90-h hemofiltration experiment with anticoagulated bovine whole blood. This is the first report of successful prolonged hemofiltration with a silicon nanopore membrane. The results demonstrate feasibility of renal replacement devices based on these membranes and materials.     

Geochemical and isotopic evidences from groundwater and surface water for understanding of natural contamination in chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) endemic zones in Sri Lanka

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is the main health issue in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Despite many studies carried out, causative factors have not been identified yet clearly. According to the multidisciplinary researches carried out so far, potable water is considered as the main causative factor for CKDu. Hence, the present study was carried out with combined isotopic and chemical methods to understand possible relationships between groundwater; the main drinking water source, and CKDu in four endemic areas in the dry zone. Different water sources were evaluated isotopically (²H, ³H and ¹⁸O) and chemically from 2013 to 2015. Results revealed that prevalence of CKDu is significantly low with the groundwater replenished by surface water inputs. It is significantly high with the groundwater stagnated as well as groundwater recharged from regional flow paths. Thus, the origin, recharge mechanism and flow pattern of groundwater, as well as geological conditions which would be responsible for natural contamination of groundwater appear as the main causative factors for CKDu. Therefore, detailed investigations should be made in order to identify the element(s) in groundwater contributing to CKDu. The study recommends providing drinking water to the affected zones using water sources associated with surface waters.     

An attempt at kidney stone analysis with the application of synchrotron radiation

X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES) is a spectroscopic technique using synchrotron light to determine the valence state of excited atoms as well as the electronegativity of their neighbouring atoms. XANES spectra can provide information about the chemical bond in the second coordination shell of the excited atom. In this study, XANES spectra of unknown compounds from human kidney stones were recorded around the K‐edges of sulfur, phosphorus and calcium. The XANES results agree well with the diffractogram data of the same stones obtained through an X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique. By comparing the measurement techniques presented here, it is shown that XANES requires a smaller amount of each sample than XRPD for analysis.     

江西省鱼类寄生粘孢子虫二新种

本文报导了寄生于淡水鱼类的粘孢子虫两新种。1、井冈碘泡虫寄生于泥鳅肾脏,孢子壳面观卵形,缝面观纺锤形。2、万安单极虫寄生于玻璃红鲤鱼鳃丝,孢子壳面观椭圆形,极囊近于园形。     

Panduratin A Derivative Protects against Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis of Renal Proximal Tubular Cells and Kidney Injury in Mice

Background: Panduratin A is a bioactive cyclohexanyl chalcone exhibiting several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-cancer activities. Recently, the nephroprotective effect of panduratin A in cisplatin (CDDP) treatment was revealed. The present study examined the potential of certain compounds derived from panduratin A to protect against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: Three derivatives of panduratin A (DD-217, DD-218, and DD-219) were semi-synthesized from panduratin A. We investigated the effects and corresponding mechanisms of the derivatives of panduratin A for preventing nephrotoxicity of CDDP in both immortalized human renal proximal tubular cells (RPTEC/TERT1 cells) and mice. Results: Treating the cell with 10 µM panduratin A significantly reduced the viability of RPTEC/TERT1 cells compared to control (panduratin A: 72% ± 4.85%). Interestingly, DD-217, DD-218, and DD-219 at the same concentration did not significantly affect cell viability (92% ± 8.44%, 90% ± 7.50%, and 87 ± 5.2%, respectively). Among those derivatives, DD-218 exhibited the most protective effect against CDDP-induced renal proximal tubular cell apoptosis (control: 57% ± 1.23%; DD-218: 19% ± 10.14%; DD-219: 33% ± 14.06%). The cytoprotective effect of DD-218 was mediated via decreases in CDDP-induced mitochondria dysfunction, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of ERK1/2, and cleaved-caspase 3 and 7. In addition, DD-218 attenuated CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity by a decrease in renal injury and improved in renal dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. Importantly, DD-218 did not attenuate the anti-cancer efficacy of CDDP in non-small-cell lung cancer cells or colon cancer cells. Conclusions: This finding suggests that DD-218, a derivative of panduratin A, holds promise as an adjuvant therapy in patients receiving CDDP.