A Graphene Oxide Membrane with Highly Selective Molecular Separation of Aqueous Organic Solution

A graphene oxide (GO) membrane is supported on a ceramic hollow fiber prepared by a vacuum suction method. This GO membrane exhibited excellent water permeation for dimethyl carbonate/water mixtures through a pervaporation process. At 25 °C and 2.6 wt % feed water content, the permeate water content reached 95.2 wt % with a high permeation flux (1702 g m^?2 h^?1).     

Pervaporation properties of crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) membranes for the removal of hydrocarbons from water

The pervaporation (PV) performance of crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) dimethylmethacrylate (PDMSDMMA) membranes for an aqueous solution of various hydrocarbons was studied using sorption–diffusion theory. Three chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloromethane) and three aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, chlorobenzene, and toluene) were used as the permeants. When aqueous solutions of 0.05 wt % hydrocarbon were permeated through the crosslinked PDMSDMMA membranes, they showed high hydrocarbon/water selectivity and permeability during PV. The hydrocarbon/water selectivity of the crosslinked PDMSDMMA membranes was significantly dependent upon the permeants; in particular, chloroform removed the hydrocarbons most efficiently in this study. The results of the temperature dependence of the PV performance and hydrocarbon absorption into the membrane revealed that the difference in hydrocarbon/water selectivity for various aqueous solutions of hydrocarbons during PV depended significantly on the molar volume and diameter of the hydrocarbons. The permeation and removal mechanism of hydrocarbons from water through crosslinked PDMSDMMA membranes can be explained by a qualitative model based on the diffusion jump model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2079–2090, 2006     

硫酸对壳聚糖膜分离性能影响的本质

研究了Ｈ２ＳＯ４对壳聚糖（ＣＳ）膜醇水分离性能的影响．结果表明，Ｈ２ＳＯ４使ＣＳ上的—ＮＨ２质子化为—ＮＨ＋３，降低了极性较差的乙醇分子进入膜内的能力，提高了膜对水分子的吸附选择性．又因为ＳＯ２－４可以与２个—ＮＨ＋３作用，使部分ＣＳ链产生交联，缩小了分子透过的通道．由于乙醇分子比水分子大，故大大提高了膜对水的渗透选择性．所以，Ｈ２ＳＯ４能提高ＣＳ膜的醇水分离性能是以上两种因素综合作用的结果．     

用渗透汽化改性聚乙烯醇膜促进酯化反应

目前多用陶瓷膜、金属膜来研究膜反应过程,用有机高分子材料的报道较少。浦上忠用磺化苯乙烯系列膜材料研究了酯化反应,产生的水分靠浓差进行扩散排除。聚乙烯醇(PVA)有较强的亲水性,但溶于热水。本文用不溶于水的改陸PVA作渗透膜,将水分从反应场中清除,研究其对酯化反应的促进作用。同时将苯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯嵌段共聚物磺化,再水解成磺化苯乙烯-乙烯醇嵌段共聚物。将这种共聚物作为酸催化剂,附着在PVA膜上,考察此复合膜对正丁醇-乙酸酯化反应的促进作用。     

Characterization of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Membranes Cross-Linked by Aldehyde-Substituting Cyclotriphosphazene

A new type of cross-linker, based on cyclotriphosphazene with six aldehyde groups, was used for the cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes. FTIR-ATR analysis indicated that cyclophosphazene reacted with poly(vinyl alcohol) by forming C–O–C bonds. TGA and DTG analysis showed that cross-linking improved the thermal stability. The swelling degree and pervaporation properties of cross-linked PVA membranes were also characterized. With increasing cross-linker concentration, swelling degrees and flux decrease while separation factors increase. Compared with PVA membranes cross-linked by glutaraldehyde, PVA membranes cross-linked by cyclophosphazene exhibited better selectivity and permeation rate.     

渗透气化法分离水-乙醇混合物——选择溶解与渗透气化的关系

本文对热交联,氢氧化钠交联及辐射交联聚乙烯醇膜的溶胀行为进行了研究。整个选择性渗透过程被分解成选择溶解和选择扩散两部分。本文定义了选择溶解因子和选择扩散因子,用以评价上述两部分各自对渗透气化过程的贡献。     

Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/amino functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube pervaporation membranes: Synthesis,characterization, and performance

In the present study, novel biodegradable nanocomposite membranes were prepared by adding the amino functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (NH₂‐MWCNT) to the chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol blend polymers, and the obtained membranes were used for dehydration of isopropyl alcohol through pervaporation process. For this purpose, the membranes were prepared with chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol ratio of 4:1 on the basis of “solution casting” method and then crosslinked using glutaraldehyde, after addition of different amounts of NH₂‐MWCNT. The prepared membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, mechanical strength, degree of swelling (DS), and biodegradability. Also, the ability of the prepared membranes in dehydration of isopropyl alcohol was determined using pervaporation experiments. Results indicated that contact angle, mechanical resistance, separation factor (α), and pervaporation separation index were increased with the addition of NH₂‐MWCNT up to 10 wt% (relative to the total amount of polymer) and then decreased in the higher presence of nanotubes (15 wt%). Furthermore, the DS and permeate flux were first decreased and then increased for the same mentioned amounts of additive. In this study, optimized membrane was obtained by the addition of 10 wt% NH₂‐MWCNT. This membrane showed the maximum α (99.5), pervaporation separation index parameter (78.29 kg m⁻² h⁻¹), biodegradability, and mechanical stability as well as minimum DS.     

层层自组装聚电解质多层膜的制备及在膜分离中的应用

扼要论述了聚电解质自组装膜制备过程中电荷密度、驱动力及增长方式等对膜厚和膜结构影响的基本规律,着重介绍了近年来聚电解质自组装渗透气化膜和离子分离膜研究概况。对聚电解质自组装分离膜今后的研究工作提出了建议。     

聚乙烯醇聚离子复合物膜对95%乙醇脱水的红外光谱研究

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)聚离子复合物(PIC)膜在95%乙醇中浸泡48 h,在20~120℃(间隔20℃)下测定吸水后PIC膜的红外光谱,分析了3000 cm-1以上羟基伸缩振动基频随温度的变化情况,探讨了水与PIC膜中羟基的氢键作用。由于羟基谱带在3000 cm-1以上重叠比较严重,结合1000~1700 cm-1水与PIC膜中离子键之间的静电作用,采用二维相关分析提高光谱分辨率,定性地描述了95%乙醇中水与PIC膜之间的结合方式。结果表明:>3000 cm-1羟基的重叠谱带得到了分辨,证明了水与膜内羟基缔合优先吸附渗透,随温度变化早于膜内羟基自缔合被解吸与乙醇分离;确认了水和PIC膜内聚电解质基的吸收,证明了水与聚电解质基团靠静电作用被吸附,随温度升高被解吸与乙醇分离。为PIC膜对95%乙醇脱水分离性能研究提供了一种新方法。     

高渗透性能丝光沸石膜的合成及在醇/水分离体系中的应用

 以四乙基溴化铵为模板剂，用原位水热合成法在α－Al2O3陶瓷\r\n管上合成出丝光沸石膜，系统研究了合成母液的组成、晶化时间、老化\r\n时间、硅源和铝源以及氟化钠助剂的添加等因素对丝光沸石膜成膜和表\r\n面形貌的影响．结果表明，老化可使成膜沸石的晶粒从30μm减小到5μ\r\nm；添加氟化钠也能减小晶粒的大小；使用异丙醇铝为铝源能制得高度\r\n定向的丝光沸石膜．提出了丝光沸石膜的成膜机理，认为成核发生在载\r\n体表面，凝胶层的晶化过程是从载体的表面开始,不断转化,充分生长后达到凝胶层的表面. 丝光沸石膜对醇/水混合体系的分离研究表明,水/甲醇、水/乙醇、水/正丙醇和水/异丙醇的分离因子分别可达到1500(323 K,水含量xw=15%),4200(343 K,xw=15%),4200(343 K,xw=50%)和3400(343 K,xw=50%),所合成的丝光沸石膜能选择性地透过水,对醇/水混合物有较高的分离系数.