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91.
Ignattos Antoniadis 《Pramana》2004,62(2):163-176
The recent understanding of string theory opens the possibility that the string scale can be as low as a few TeV. The apparent
weakness of gravitational interactions can then be accounted by the existence of large internal dimensions, in the sub-millimeter
region. Furthermore, our world must be confined to live on a brane transverse to these large dimensions, with which it interacts
only gravitationally. In my lecture, I describe briefly this scenario which gives a new theoretical framework for solving
the gauge hierarchy problem and the unification of all interactions. I also discuss a minimal embedding of the standard model,
gauge coupling unification and proton stability.
On leave from: Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, Cedex, France. 相似文献
92.
E. M. Glebov V. P. Grivin V. F. Plyusnin A. V. Udaltsov 《Journal of Structural Chemistry》2006,47(3):476-483
Interaction between MnCl2 and diethylamine (DEA) in aqueous solutions has been studied by UV, IR, and EPR spectroscopy as part of the design and research program on models of natural photosystems. The composition of the precipitate for comparable concentrations of reagents and solute oxygen has been investigated. Mn(II) was found to be oxidized with oxygen to give MnO2·H2O as a precipitate. In the solution over the precipitate, Mn(III) complexes with DEA are formed; the complex molecule has four and six amine molecules in the coordination sphere. 相似文献
93.
V.V. Glushkov S.V. Demishev M.I. Ignatov Yu.B. Paderno N.Yu. Shitsevalova O.A. Churkin N.E. Sluchanko 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2006,179(9):2871-2874
In order to reveal the nature of the ground state of archetypal intermediate-valence compound SmB6, a comprehensive study of its transport and magnetic properties was carried out on high-quality single crystals at temperatures of 1.8-300 K in magnetic fields up to 7 T. A drastic enhancement of negative magnetoresistance was observed below 14 K, with the maximum absolute value of Δρ/ρB2∼2.2×10−3 T−2 at T≈5.2 K. This effect seems to be attributable to anomalous magnetic scattering of many-body (exciton-polaronic) complexes induced by fast valence fluctuations on Sm sites. The observed anomalies of magnetotransport, thermoelectric and magnetic characteristics are discussed in terms of electron phase transition to the coherent state of interacting many-body complexes occurring at T*∼5 K. 相似文献
94.
New Schiff bases of 2,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde with siloxane‐α,ω‐diamines having different numbers of siloxane units in the chain have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analyses. These azomethines were found to form complexes readily with copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II). From IR and UV–Vis studies, the phenolic oxygen and imine nitrogen of the ligand were found to be the coordination sites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data indicate the chelates to be more stable than the corresponding ligands. The melting points increase with shortening of the siloxane segment from azomethine, as well as the result of complexation. The chelates obtained were covalently inserted in polymeric linear structures by polycondensation through the OH‐difunctionalized ligand with 1,3‐bis(carboxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane. Direct polycondensation, assisted either by acetic anhydride or N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as dehydrating agent and the complex 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridinium 4‐toluenesulfonate as catalyst, was used for the synthesis of these compound types. The structures of the polymers obtained were confirmed by IR, UV and 1H NMR. Characterization was undertaken by TGA, solubility tests and viscosity measurements. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
95.
Mooson Kwauk 《中国颗粒学报》2004,(1)
IntroductionInmaterialscience,differentmicrostructuresofthesamematerialsmayinducediversebehaviorsanddifferentcharacteristics.Westwood(1988)showed,asanexample,thatthetreatmentofaluminumsurfacewithcommercialphosphoricacidproducedmechanicallyinterlockedoxide搘hiskers?approximately10nmindiameterand400nminlength,whichmechanicallyinterlocked.Thismicro-structurecankeepsuchaconglomeratebondedoverconsiderablerangesofstressandtemperature.Inahumidatmosphere,especiallythatcontainingchlorine,however,suchox… 相似文献
96.
An O-bonded sulphito complex, Rh(OH2)5(OSO2H)2+, is reversibly formed in the stoppedflow time scale when Rh(OH2)
6
3+
and SO2/HSO
3
−
buffer (1 <pH< 3) are allowed to react. For Rh(OH2)5OH2++ SO2 □ Rh(OH2)5(OSO2H)2+ (k1/k-1), k1 = (2.2 ±0.2) × 103 dm3 mol−1 s−1, k−1 = 0.58 ±0.16 s−1 (25°C,I = 0.5 mol dm−3). The protonated O-sulphito complex is a moderate acid (K
d
= 3 × 10−4 mol dm−3, 25°C, I= 0.5 mol dm−3). This complex undergoes (O, O) chelation by the bound bisulphite withk= 1.4 × 10−3 s−1 (31°C) to Rh(OH2)4(O2SO)+ and the chelated sulphito complex takes up another HSO
3
−
in a fast equilibrium step to yield Rh(OH2)3(O2SO)(OSO2H) which further undergoes intramolecular ligand isomerisation to the S-bonded sulphito complex: Rh(OH2)3(O2SO)(OSO2)- → Rh(OH2)3(O2SO)(SO3)− (k
iso
= 3 × 10−4 s−1, 31°C). A dinuclear (μ-O, O) sulphite-bridged complex, Na4[Rh2(μ-OH)2(OH)2(μ-OS(O)O)(O2SO)(SO3) (OH2)]5H2O with (O, O) chelated and S-bonded sulphites has been isolated and characterized. This complex is sparingly soluble in water
and most organic solvents and very stable to acid-catalysed decomposition 相似文献
97.
Using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method, we have studied the effect of chemistry on the average intercalation voltage (AIV) caused by the Na ions intercalating into transition metal oxides. The effect of transition metal was systematically studied by varying M=Co, Ni and Mn in NaMO2 and fixing the α-NaFeO2 layered structure. The effect of the guest atoms into the host material is discussed in terms of the structural and electronic properties. Comparatively to Li intercalation, a significant electron transfer towards transition metal was found. This observation suggests that the transition metal contribute to the AIV determination and confirms the common assumption that intercalated electron reduces M4+ to M3+. 相似文献
98.
Dávid Szegvári Romána Zelkó Péter Horváth András Gergely 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2007,57(1-4):169-172
Enantioselective solubility of rac-norgestrel was found in the presence of γ-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin.
In both cases the efficacious enantiomer was dissolved in greater extent. Calculating the molar absorptivity and molar ellipticity
spectra of the γ- and hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin aqueous complexes, a simple and rapid direct circular dichroism (CD) spectrometric
method was obtained for the determination of the enantiomer ratio in aqueous solutions. 相似文献
99.
Ilaria Fratoddi Chiara Battocchio Alessandra L. Groia Maria V. Russo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(15):3311-3329
The reactivity of square planar palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes in trans or cis configuration, namely trans or cis‐[dichlorobis(tributylphosphine)platinum(II)] and trans‐[dichlorobis(tributylphosphine)palladium(II)] with 1,1′‐bis(ethynyl) 4,4′‐biphenyl, DEBP, leading to π‐conjugated organometallic oligomeric and polymeric metallaynes, was investigated by a systematic variation of the reaction conditions. The formation of polymers and oligomers with defined chain length [? M(PBu3)2 (C?C? C6H4? C6H4? C?C? )]n (n = 3–10 for the oligomers, n = 20–50 for the polymers) depends on the configuration of the precursor Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes, the presence/absence of the catalyst CuI, and the reaction time. A series of model reactions monitored by XPS, GPC, and NMR 31P spectroscopy showed the route to modulate the chain growth. As expected, the nature of the transition metal (Pt or Pd) and the molecular weight of the polymers markedly influence the photophysical characteristics of the polymetallaynes, such as optical absorption and emission behavior. Polymetallaynes with nanostructured morphology could be obtained by a simple casting procedure of polymer solutions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3311–3329, 2007 相似文献
100.
1,6-烯炔底物在过渡金属催化剂作用下的化学行为得到了广泛的研究,重点是关于过渡金属催化的1,6-烯炔环异构化反应.从反应机理角度入手,把1,6-烯炔环异构化反应按启动方式总结为三类,并对这三种方式启动的1,6-烯炔环异构化反应进行了详细地总结和阐述. 相似文献