From curing kinetics to network structure: A novel approach to the modeling of the network buildup of epoxy–anhydride thermosets

The curing kinetics and network buildup during curing of epoxy–anhydride formulations using tertiary amines as initiators are reviewed in this work. A mechanism‐based kinetic and structural model has been defined, showing better prediction capabilities than previous living polymerization and simple regeneration models. The curing kinetics have been analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the gelation during curing has been determined by combined thermomechanical analysis and DSC. The effect of initiator content and epoxy equivalent weight are taken into account. The network buildup has been modeled using a stochastic network buildup model based on the random combination of primary chains generated by the kinetic model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 61–75     

Preparation of an efficient catalyst through injection of CuI on modified poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) and theoretical investigation of the structural and electronic properties of catalyst

A novel polymer supported [poly (styrene-co-maleic imide) (SMI)]Cu(I) nano-particles was prepared via in situ reaction of 4-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione with [poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride)] (SMA) along with immobilization of CuI. These nano-particles were fully characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, Xray (EDAX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, ¹H NMR and FT-IR techniques. Moreover, the structural and electronic features of metal–ligand interactions in the complex model of polymer-supported copper nanocatalyst were assessed using density functional theory calculations. The catalytic activity of these supported Cu(I) nonoparticles was examined in one of the classiest name reaction so–called “click reaction” which is coined K. B Sharpless for the regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives using a multicomponent reaction (MCR) involving benzyl halides, sodium azide and terminal alkynes in water as a green solvent. This heterogeneous catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and was separated by simple filtration and was used at least in five consecutive runs without a significant decrease in its activity.     

Naphthalic anhydride derivatives: Structural effects on their initiating abilities in radical and/or cationic photopolymerizations under visible light

Only one naphthalic anhydride derivative has been reported as light sensitive photoinitiator, this prompted us to further explore the possibility to prepare a new family of photoinitiators based on this scaffold. Therefore, eight naphthalic Naphthalic anhydride derivatives (ANH1‐ANH8) have been prepared and combined with an iodonium salt (and optionally N‐vinylcarbazole) or an amine (and optionally 2,4,6‐tris(trichloromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine) to initiate the cationic polymerization of epoxides and the free radical polymerization of acrylates under different irradiation sources, that is, very soft halogen lamp (～ 12 mW cm^?2), laser diode at 405 nm (～1.5 mW cm^?2) or blue LED centered at 455 nm (80 mW cm^?2). The ANH6 based photoinitiating systems are particularly efficient for the cationic and the radical photopolymerizations, and even better than that of the well‐known camphorquinone based systems. The photochemical mechanisms associated with the chemical structure/photopolymerization efficiency relationships are studied by steady state photolysis, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, laser flash photolysis, and electron spin resonance spin‐trapping techniques. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 2860–2866     

基于β-环糊精的多肽支臂星状聚合物的制备及性能

以β-环糊精(β-CD)为起始原料, 通过磺酰化及乙二胺基取代等过程, 制备具有端氨基的中间体β-环糊精(6-en-β-CD); 再以6-en-β-CD为引发剂, 通过赖氨酸N-羧基环内酸酐(Lys-NCA)和谷氨酸N-羧基环内酸酐(Glu-NCA)的混合开环聚合(ROP)和脱苄氧羰基(Cbz)保护等反应, 制备了以β-CD为核、 混聚多肽为支臂的星状聚合物[6-聚(谷氨酸-赖氨酸)-β-CD]. 以基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)、 核磁共振波谱(NMR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等对星状聚合物及中间体结构进行表征; 同时采用圆二色光谱(CD)和噻唑蓝(MTT)法对该聚合物的二级结构和体外毒性进行了考察. 结果表明, 所得星状聚合物的重均分子量(M_w)为4626, 多分散系数(PDI)为1.10, 平均聚合度(DP)为27.1; 在水溶液中星状聚合物的二级结构是无规则线团; 在5 mg/mL浓度下, 细胞存活率可达到94%以上, 没有呈现明显体外细胞毒性, 具有潜在的药用前景.     

β-Crystallisation tendency and structure of polypropylene grafted by maleic anhydride and its blends with isotactic polypropylene

Crystallization, melting and structure of three different commercial types of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) grafted by maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) with different maleic anhydride content (AC) and their β-nucleated versions were studied by X-ray diffractometry (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarised light microscopy (PLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of maleic anhydride units disturbs the chain regularity, hereby decreases the crystallization tendency of iPP in general and the β-crystallisation ability in particular. β-modification of iPP (β-iPP) forms only in β-nucleated PP-g-MAH polymers studied if the anhydride content is not larger than 0.5 mass%. The influence of AC of PP-g-MAH on the feature the spherulitic structure is demonstrated by PLM and SEM micrographs. The β-nucleated iPP/PP-g-MAH blends containing 10 mass% PP-g-MAH crystallise predominantly in β-form independently of AC of the latter. The β-nuceated blends of iPP and PP-g-MAH with lowest AC crystallise in β-form in whole concentration range. The interaction parameter between iPP and PP-g-MAH polymers calculated by Nishi-Wang equation indicate limited interaction between the components.     

A macroporous polymer-supported cyclic anhydride for efficient sequestration of amines

The efficient removal of primary and secondary amines from organic solutions using a macroporous polymer-supported anhydride is described. The sequestering of primary amines by the anhydride via polymer-bound amide formation is completed within 2-4 h at room temperature. Secondary amines require typically 4 h for complete sequestration.     

通过RAFT聚合制备SiO2/接枝共聚物纳米杂化粒子

以二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子表面键接的二硫代苯甲酸酯作为可逆加成-断裂-链转移(RAFT)聚合反应的链转移剂, 在室温下引发苯乙烯和马来酸酐进行表面RAFT交替共聚反应, 制得了SiO2/苯乙烯-alt-马来酸酐杂化材料. 通过聚氧化乙烯(PEO)的羟基与马来酸酐的酯化反应, 将PEO接枝到SiO2纳米粒子的表面, 增加了硅粒子的生物相容性. 用FTIR, TGA和TEM对杂化材料的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征.     

单氯代苯酐及其衍生物的合成方法研究进展

讨论了3(4)-氯代苯酐的主要合成方法以及它们的主要衍生物联苯二酐和二苯醚二酐等的合成方法和主要用途. 综合比较了各种合成方法的利弊, 并分析了这些化合物的国内外研究现状和发展趋势.     

A novel catalyst zinc(II) perfluorooctanoate [Zn(PFO)2]-catalyzed three-component one-pot reaction: Synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives in aqueous micellar media

A new type of Lewis acid-surfactant-combined catalyst (LASC), zinc(II) perfluorooctanoate [Zn(PFO)₂], was prepared and applied as a favorable surfactivity catalyst in three-component one-pot cyclocondensation reaction of isatoic anhydride with amines and aldehydes to afford the corresponding quinazolinone derivatives in good yields. Reactions occurred under aqueous micellar media in high atom economy. It was found that this catalyst could be easily quantitatively recovered after the reaction completed and could be reused for at least three cycles without any loss of activity. Furthermore, a mechanism to rationalize the reaction was proposed.     

Multiphase telomerisation of butadiene with acetic acid and acetic anhydride

Two different routes to acetoxyoctadiene are presented. The first one uses the well-known telomerisation of butadiene with acetic acid operating in a multiphase semi-batch mode. The second reaction involves the cleavage of acetic anhydride, hydrogen transfer via ketene formation and thus a telomerisation as well.