蜂蜜中葡萄糖、果糖和木糖的多元校正定量分析研究

根据单糖与邻甲苯胺加成缩合反应的显色特征,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)辅助分光光度法对吸收光谱重叠较严重、加和性欠佳的葡萄糖、果糖和木糖三组分的模拟混合试样进行分析,对同时测定的条件进行了优化,建立了单糖多组分体系同时定量分析的多元校正方法,并用此方法对蜂蜜样品中上述单糖组分的含量进行了测定.时模拟混合试样,回收率分别为...     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中的红霉素及其代谢物

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中红霉素及其代谢物红霉素A烯醇醚和脱水红霉素A的测定方法。以pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液为提取剂,经HLB小柱净化富集后,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中红霉素及其代谢物的含量。该方法前处理简单,采用内标法定量,方法的线性范围为2.0~100.0μg/L,相关系数大于0.996,红霉素及其两种主要代谢物的检出限和定量下限分别为0.5μg/kg和2.0μg/kg,回收率范围为70.5%~109.2%,RSD小于10%。方法的回收率稳定且重现性较好,可用于蜂蜜中红霉素及其代谢物的检测。     

多波长激光诱导荧光麦卢卡蜂蜜掺杂分类识别

麦卢卡蜂蜜产自新西兰,具有很强的抗菌及抗氧化作用,其售价较高,近年来掺假事件时有发生,利用激光诱导荧光技术对掺杂糖浆的麦卢卡蜂蜜进行分类识别研究。选用266,355,405和450 nm四种常用激光作为激发源,选择三种品牌的新西兰进口麦卢卡蜂蜜（编号A,B,C）中掺杂烘焙糖浆作为实验样品,掺杂比例为0%～90%,间隔10%;每个激发波长下每种样本溶液重复测试60次,共7 200组数据。光谱数据首先进行荧光波段截取、平滑及归一化等预处理;然后随机选取80%的数据做训练集,20%的数据做测试集;对训练集数据使用主成分分析（PCA）结合线性判别分析（LDA）做数据降维;最后对降维后的数据分别建立K最近邻（KNN）和支持向量机（SVM）分类模型,对测试集数据进行分类识别,重复进行50次随机分组及分类识别后对得到的分类识别率求平均值及标准差。实验分析结果表明,激发光波长对最终识别结果影响较大,266 nm激发的荧光光谱分类识别正确率最高,三种麦卢卡蜂蜜掺杂溶液的分类识别率均能达到98.5%以上,最高能达100%;355和405 nm激发的分类识别效果次之,所有样品的分类识别率均大于92%;而450 nm激发的荧光光谱分类识别率最低,不同样品的分类识别率均低于66%。因此,后续分类算法的比较仅使用266,355和405 nm激发的荧光光谱数据,分析结果表明,KNN算法的分类效果要优于SVM算法,不同激发波长下三种蜂蜜掺杂溶液的分类识别率均是KNN算法更高,且对266 nm激发的三种蜂蜜掺杂样品,KNN算法的分类识别率比SVM算法要高1%以上。实验结果表明,使用激光诱导荧光技术对掺假麦卢卡蜂蜜进行分类识别是可行的,对于掺杂糖浆的麦卢卡蜂蜜,在使用的所有组合中,266 nm激发结合PCA-LDA降维和KNN分类算法的分类识别率最高,分类效果最好,可用于掺假麦卢卡蜂蜜的快速准确鉴别。     

聚合物整体柱微萃取/超高效液相色谱法测定蜂蜜中的4种磺胺类药物

以4-乙烯基苯甲酸(VBA)和4-乙烯基苯硼酸(VPBA)为混合功能单体,与二乙烯基苯(DVB)共聚制备了poly(VBA-DVB-VPBA)整体柱,用于蜂蜜中磺胺类药物的提取.该柱的官能团丰富、均匀多孔、通透性和稳定性良好,可与磺胺类药物产生多种作用形式.通过对萃取条件(包括溶液pH值、上样体积、离子强度和洗脱体积)...     

Durum wheat adulteration detection by NIR spectroscopy multivariate calibration

In the present work, we explored the possibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy in order to quantify the degree of adulteration of durum wheat flour with common bread wheat flour. The multivariate calibration techniques adopted to this aim were PLS and a wavelet-based calibration algorithm, recently developed by some of us, called WILMA. Both techniques provided satisfactory results, the percentage of adulterant present in the samples being quantified with an uncertainty lower than that associated to the Italian official method. In particular the WILMA algorithm, by performing feature selection, allowed the signal pretreatment to be avoided and obtaining more parsimonious models.     

An RP-HPLC determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in honey The case of strawberry tree honey

The use of the RP-HPLC official method of the International Honey Commission (IHC) for the determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in strawberry tree honey (Arbutus unedo, a typical Sardinian honey) has brought to light a specific and heavy chromatographic interference that prevents accurate quantification. The interference has been identified as homogentisic acid (HA), i.e. the marker of the botanical origin of the honey. For this reason, an alternative RP-HPLC method is proposed. The bias-free method allows a complete separation of HMF from HA to the baseline level and is faster and more precise than the RP-HPLC official method: the detection and quantification limits are 1.9 and 4.0 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, whereas the repeatability is ca. 2% in the HMF concentration range of 5-140 mg kg⁻¹.     

A rapid and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for the identification and quantification of fourteen synthetic anti-diabetic drugs in adulterated Chinese proprietary medicines and dietary supplements

An ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of 14 synthetic anti‐diabetic drugs in adulterated Chinese proprietary medicines (CPMs) and dietary supplements. The samples were prepared by ultrasonic extraction with methanol and separated on a C₁₈ column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (both containing 0.10% formic acid). Gradient elution was applied with a flow rate of 0.20 mL/min. Two transitions from protonated molecules were monitored for each synthetic anti‐diabetic drug in positive mode of electrospray ionization (ESI). The two transitions, the peak area ratio of the two transitions and the retention time were used for identification. The more intensive transition was used for quantification. The analysis time was 6 min per sample. Satisfactory linear relationships were estimated between the peak area and the concentration with correlation coefficients higher than 0.995. The limit of detection ranged from 0.03 to 5.45 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation of intra‐day precision was below 7.6%, the RSD of inter‐day precision was below 15% and the relative error of accuracy was between –10 and 7.8%. The proposed method is rapid, selective, reliable and was successfully applied to the analysis of 30 real samples of 22 CPMs and eight dietary supplements from the local market in China. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

菀葆牌硒蜜康对酒精性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

为研究菀葆牌硒蜜康对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用,将动物随机分成溶剂对照组、溶剂模型组、蜂蜜对照组、蜂蜜模型组及低、中、高3个样品剂量组,共7组,每组10只,3个样品剂量组每天给予硒蜜康1667、3333、6667mg／（kg·d）,连续给予小鼠灌胃30d后,模型对照组和样品剂量组最后一次给予受试物后20min,按体质量计一次灌胃给予50％乙醇10mL／kg,对照组给双蒸水,禁食12h后处死,取动物肝脏,测定肝匀浆液MDA、GSH、TG含量;肝脏冰冻切片,进行病理组织学检查。结果表明,与蜂蜜模型组比较,中、低剂量组的GSH含量升高,各剂量组的TG含量降低,各剂量组冰冻病理学组织切片观察到脂肪变性评分低于模型对照组,差异均有显著性。可见菀葆牌硒蜜康对酒精性肝损伤具有辅助保护作用。     

In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation of Sugar Adulterated Heterotrigona itama Honey Using Zebrafish Model

Honey is prone to be adulterated through mixing with sugars, cheap and low-quality honey, and other adulterants. Consumption of adulterated honey may cause several health issues such as weight gain, diabetes, and liver and kidney dysfunction. Therefore, studying the impact of consumption of adulterated honey on consumers is critical since there is a lack of study in this field. Hence, the aims of this paper were: (1) to determine the lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of adulterated honey using zebrafish embryo, (2) to elucidate toxicology of selected adulterated honey based on lethal dose (LD₅₀) using adult zebrafish, (3) to determine the effects of adulterated honey on histological changes of zebrafish, and (4) to screen the metabolites profile of adulterated honey by using zebrafish blood serum. The LC₅₀ of Heterotrigona itama honey (acacia honey) and its sugar adulterants (light corn sugar, cane sugar, inverted sugar, and palm sugar in the proportion of 1–3% (w/w) from the total volume) was determined by the toxicological assessment of honey samples on zebrafish embryos (different exposure concentrations in 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postfertilization (hpf)). Pure H. itama honey represents the LC₅₀ of 34.40 ± 1.84 (mg/mL) at 96 hpf, while the inverted sugar represents the lowest LC₅₀ (5.03 ± 0.92 mg/mL) among sugar adulterants. The highest concentration (3%) of sugar adulterants were used to study the toxicology of adulterated honey using adult zebrafish in terms of acute, prolong-acute, and sub-acute tests. The results of the LD₅₀ from the sub-acute toxicity test of pure H. itama honey was 2.33 ± 0.24 (mg/mL). The histological studies of internal organs showed a lesion in the liver, kidney, and spleen of adulterated treated-honey groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, the LC-MS/MS results revealed three endogenous metabolites in both the pure and adulterated honey treated groups, as follows: (1) S-Cysteinosuccinic acid, (2) 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid, and (3) Cysteinyl-Tyrosine. The results of this study demonstrated that adulterated honey caused mortality, which contributes to higher toxicity, and also suggested that the zebrafish toxicity test could be a standard method for assessing the potential toxicity of other hazardous food additives. The information gained from this research will permit an evaluation of the potential risk associated with the consumption of adulterated compared to pure honey.     

Discrimination of Adulterated Ginkgo Biloba Products Based on 2T2D Correlation Spectroscopy in UV-Vis Range

Ginkgo biloba is a popular medicinal plant widely used in numerous herbal products, including food supplements. Due to its popularity and growing economic value, G. biloba leaf extract has become the target of economically motivated adulterations. There are many reports about the poor quality of ginkgo products and their adulteration, mainly by adding flavonols, flavonol glycosides, or extracts from other plants. In this work, we developed an approach using two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2T2D COS) in UV-Vis range combined with multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA) to detect potential adulteration of twenty G. biloba food supplements. UV-Vis spectral data are obtained for 80% methanol and aqueous extracts in the range of 245–410 nm. Three series of two-dimensional correlation spectra were interpreted by visual inspection and using MPCA. The proposed relatively quick and straightforward approach successfully differentiated supplements adulterated with rutin or those lacking ginkgo leaf extract. Supporting information about adulteration was obtained from the difference between the DPPH radical scavenging capacity of both extracts and from chromatographic (HPLC-DAD) fingerprints of methanolic samples.