Integrated production of ethanol fuel and protein from Coastal Bermudagrass

The herbaceous crops that may provide fermentable carbohydrates for production of fuels and chemicals also contain 10–20% protein. Protein coproduction with biomass-derived fuels and chemicals has important advantages: (1) food and fuel production can be integrated, and (2) protein is a high-value product that may significantly improve overall process economics. We report the results of an integrated approach to producing protein and fermentable sugars from one herbaceous species, Coastal Bermudagrass (CBG). The ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) process makes possible over 90% conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to simple sugars (about 650 mg reducing sugars/g dry CBG) at 5 IU cellulase/g vs < 20% conversion for untreated CBG. The AFEX treatment also improves protein extraction from CBG; over 80% protein recovery is possible from AFEX-treated CBG vs about 30% recovery from untreated CBG.     

High-performances membranes for pervaporation I. Poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) blends

Dense membranes were prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVA–PVP) blends of different compositions and studied in swelling and dehydration by pervaporation of three organic solvents contaminated by 5 wt% water. The swelling generally increases with the PVP content. No extraction occurs in water–tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water–methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) mixtures. In ethanol containing 10 wt% of water, there is no extraction for blends containing less than 40 wt% PVP and an increasing extraction beyond this PVP content. The pervaporation flux of the water–ethanol mixture increases drastically at the same threshold whereas the water permselectivity falls to a low level. The values of the diffusion and permeability coefficients determined from transient permeation of the test water–ethanol mixture exhibit a similar sudden increase at the same PVP content threshold. This singular behavior of the blend membranes is interpreted by a strong affinity of the PVP component to ethanol, combined with a disappearance of crystallites in the blend at this threshold. Consequently the amorphous membrane can swell freely according to the affinity of the PVP component, leading to the observed behavior.     

采用新型引发剂乳液聚合法合成高相对分子质量聚乙烯醇

采用新型引发剂偶氮二异(N-胺乙基)丁脒(ABEA)对醋酸乙烯酯的低温乳液聚合进行了研究。通过正交试验得出了高相对分子质量聚醋酸乙烯酯的最佳工艺配方。讨论了引发剂浓度、反应温度和乳化剂浓度对聚合物相对分子质量和转化率的影响。对高相对分子质量聚醋酸乙烯酯醇解工艺进行了探讨,并获得了聚合度为3500~4000的聚乙烯醇。     

Water／Oil Biphasic Hydroformylation of Higher Olefins over a TPPTS-Rh／SiO2 Catalyst

A novel TPPTS-Rh/SiO2 catalyst, prepared by directly modifying a heterogeneous high-surface-area Rh/SiO2 catalyst with water-soluble TPPTS ligands, could decrease the resistance of masstransfer in water/oil biphasic media for the hydroformylation of higher olefins. The catalytic performancefor hydroformylation on this biphasic TPPTS-Rh/SiO2 catalyst system was higher than those of thetraditional biphasic HRhCO(TPPTS)3 systems, owing to the chemical bonds between the highly dispersedRh metal particles and the TPPTS ligands. The catalyst system is applicable for hydroformylation ofhigher olefins such as 1-dodecene.     

顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯的合成

以顺丁烯二酸酐和异辛酯为原料，用对甲苯磺酸作催化剂合成顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯。用正交试验确定了酯化反应的优化条件，酯化率达97．96％．     

An Efficient and High‐Yield One‐Pot Synthesis of Bis(oxazoline)s

An efficient and mild one‐pot synthesis of bis(oxazoline) (BOX) ligands is developed from reactions of dicarboxy dichlorides with β‐amino alcohols in the presence of 11.0 equiv. NEt₃ followed by the addition of 3.6 equiv. methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl). Nine different BOX ligands were prepared in excellent yields of ≥ 80%. Advantages of this improved synthesis are mild reaction conditions, short total reaction time of 9 h, and high isolated yields.     

多相催化剂的MOVS制备方法

介绍了非均匀相催化剂的ＭＯＶＳ制备方法，以该法制得的ＭｏＯ３催化剂在甲醇选择氧化制甲醛、ＣＯ加氢制高级和喹啉加氢脱氮中均显示出常规催化剂更为优异的催化性能，并探讨了ＭＯＶＳ催化剂的内在特性与催化性能的关系。     

Palladium-catalyzed cycloheptatriene formation by [3+2+2] cocyclization of 2-substituted allylic alcohols and alkynes

Cycloheptatrienes were obtained by the reaction of 2-substituted allylic alcohols with alkynes in the presence of catalytic amounts of palladium complexes and p-toluenesulfonic acid.     

STUDIES OF THE HOMOLOGATION OF METHANE ONSUPPORTED TRANSITION METAL CATALYSTS

Introduction0ncofthcintriguingpr0blcmsinhctcrogcncouscatal}'sisisthcactit'ationanddircctconversionofmcthancintoliquidfucIanduscful.h..i..l,lllMcthancactivationisvcry'difficultbccauscn1cthancisathcrmod}'namicalI}'stablccompoundt`ithanoblcgas-likcconfigurati0nThcvcry'strongtctrahcdralC-Hbonds(435kJ/mol)offcrnofiJnctionalgroups,magncticm0mcnts'orpolardistortionstofacilitatcchcmicalattackThismakcsmcthanelcssrcactivcthanncarl}'allitsconvcrsionproducts.Rccentl}'oxidativccouplinghasbecnconsidcrcda…     

高选择性透过SO_2气体分离膜研究 Ⅰ.丙基乙烯基亚砜改性聚乙烯醇功能高分子的合成

本文研究聚乙烯醇与丙基乙烯基亚砜经Michael加成反应合成含亚砜基的改性聚乙烯醇功能高分子.用IR、~1H-NMR、X-射线衍射等鉴定反应产物.结果表明,随着亚砜基含量的增加聚合物的结晶性降低,而在冷水,DMSO,CH_3OH,C_2H_5OH和CH_2Cl_2中的溶解性提高.