氢气还原制备高电容多孔Mn3O4/rGO复合材料

Mn3O4资源丰富、结构稳定,具有较高的理论电容,是一种较有潜力的超级电容器材料,但其较差的导电性却阻碍了其在这方面应用。本论文以实心ε-MnO2微米粉体和具有亲水性的GO粉体为原料,在去离子水中通过磁力搅拌和冷冻干燥制备出具有良好接触的MnO2/GO复合粉体。然后经一步氢气还原处理,使实心ε-MnO2和GO同步转化为具有纳米多孔结构的多孔Mn3O4和RGO,从而获得分散均匀、具有高比表面积和优良导电性的高性能Mn3O4/RGO复合粉体。经电化学测试可知,Mn3O4/RGO复合粉体在2 mV/s的扫描速率下的比电容为25.2 F/g且具有较好的电容留存率。     

核壳纳米球钴基金属有机聚合物的制备及其储锂性能

以偏苯三甲酸和六水合硝酸钴为原料,通过水热法合成了2种反应时间不同的钴基金属有机聚合物（Co-MOP）。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和N₂吸附-脱附对Co-MOP材料进行了结构和形貌表征。将2种Co-MOP材料用作锂离子电池负极材料,并进行了电化学性能测试。结果表明,Co-MOP-12（水热反应12 h）展示出了优异的电化学性能,在100 mA·g^-1的电流密度下,Co-MOP-12电极的首圈可逆比容量达到979 mAh·g^-1,循环100圈后比容量高达1 345 mAh·g^-1。     

用于高性能锂硫电池的二维氮硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片的快速合成

本工作基于工业炼油产品沥青,开发了一种无金属、氮和硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片（NSPC）的合成方法。获得的多孔碳纳米片具有高比表面积（339 m²·g^-1）和优异的固硫能力。同时,高含量氮、硫共掺杂可以有效增强碳材料的导电性,同时促进多硫化物的高效催化转化。通过熔融法固硫后,制备得到的NSPC/S电极具有较高的比容量和优异的循环稳定性（在0.6C电流密度下,200次循环后容量为762 mAh·g^-1）,实现了高含量氮和硫共掺杂的二维多孔碳材料的快速批量生产并用于高性能锂硫电池正极材料。     

Improved functionality and control in the isomerization of a calix[4]arene-capped azobenzene

An improved azobenzene core capped by two calix[4]arene units isomerizes readily between trans and cis configurations via photochemical and/or thermal means. In addition, the presence of acid (particularly HCl) increases the rate of thermal cis→trans conversion. These enhancements to the functional response, control, and understanding of calixarene-capped azobenzene isomerization are important for future application in the dynamic encapsulation of small chemical species.     

Synthesis and characterization of high Tg carbazole-based amorphous hole-transporting materials for organic light-emitting devices

Novel hole-transporting materials based on carbazole dendrimers, namely G1CBC and G2CBC were synthesized and characterized. They are thermally stable with high glass transition temperatures (T_g) up to 245 °C and exhibit chemically-stable redox processes. Double-layer green OLEDs using these materials as the hole-transporting layer (HTL) with the device configuration of ITO/HTL/Alq3/LiF:Al emit brightly (λ_em 522-534 nm) from the Alq3 layer with a maximum luminance and low turn-on voltage of 15,890 cd/m² and 3.0 V, respectively. Their ability as HTLs in terms of device performance is comparable to the common hole-transporter N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB), however their thermal properties were far greater than both NPB and N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (TPD).     

Gradient reversed-phase high-performance chromatography of ionogenic analytes

This review highlights the basis of gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of ionogenic analytes.We describe pH-gradient RP-HPLC in strict theoretical terms, with examples of experiments to provide improvements in analyte separations and peak shapes, and an original method of pK_a determination.Finally, we present the concept of the combined pH/organic-modifier gradient mode of RP-HPLC and illustrate it with applications. It allows optimization of separation of ionogenic analytes, along with a method for determining their biorelevant physico-chemical parameters [e.g., hydrophobicity (log k_w) and acidity (pK_a)]. The method is applicable to drugs and other xenobiotic mixtures, including individual analytes of interest assayed in biological fluids.     

锂离子电池铜锡锑合金负极材料研究

以化学还原法制备了锂离子电池纳米铜锡锑三元合金负极材料Cu6Sn5Sb5,通过XRD、TEM和电化学测试对材料进行了表征,用非原位XRD测试方法研究了材料的贮锂机理.所制备的材料颗粒粒径大小分布在15～30nm之间.在充放电电压为1.5～OV范围内,初始可逆充电容量为595mAh/g,经过30次循环后,充电容量保持79...     

新型二维有机膦酸镍化合物的合成、晶体结构与气体吸附性能

在水热条件下,以对苯二甲基二膦酸为有机配体,以4,4'-联吡啶为辅助配体,合成了具有二维层状结构的有机膦酸镍化合物.晶体属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群.该化合物每个金属中心与4个氧原子和2个氮原子配位,金属中心Nil通过4,4'-联吡啶配体相连,形成一维链状结构,再由有机膦酸连接形成了二维层状结构.通过灼烧可以除去化合物...     

Fabrication of carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite by sol-gel method for anode in lithium ion battery

Carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite (Si-CNT@C) have been fabricated by a surfactant mediated sol-gel method followed by a carbonization process. Silicon nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes (Si-CNT) nanohybrids were produced by a wet-type beadsmill method. To obtain Si-CNT nanocomposites with spherical morphologies, a silica precursor (tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS) and polymer (PMMA) mixture was employed as a structure-directing medium. Thus the Si-CNT/Silica-Polymer microspheres were prepared by an acid catalyzed sol-gel method. Then a carbon precursor such as polypyrrole (PPy) was incorporated onto the surfaces of pre-existing Si-CNT/silica-polymer to generate Si-CNT/Silica-Polymer@PPy microspheres. Subsequent thermal treatment of the precursor followed by wet etching of silica produced Si-CNT@C microcapsules. The intermediate silica/polymer must disappear during the carbonization and etching process resulting in the formation of an internal free space. The carbon precursor polymer should transform to carbon shell to encapsulate remaining Si-CNT nanocomposites. Therefore, hollow carbon microcapsules containing Si-CNT nanocomposites could be obtained (Si-CNT@C). The successful fabrication was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These final materials were employed for anode performance improvement in lithium ion battery. The cyclic performances of these Si-CNT@C microcapsules were measured with a lithium battery half cell tests.     

1,1-二(2,4,6-三硝基苯甲酰胺基)-2,2-硝基乙烯的合成

以1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)和2,4,6-三硝基苯甲酰氯(TNBC)为原料反应合成得到了1,1-二(2,4,6-三硝基苯甲酰胺基)-2,2-二硝基乙烯,并通过单因素试验和正交试验方法,分别探讨了反应介质、缚酸剂、反应温度和反应时间等对产物产率的影响,得到适宜的工艺条件为:FOX-7与TNBC物质的量的比1∶2.4,以四氢呋喃(THF)为反应介质,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为缚酸剂,反应温度0℃,反应时间48 h,产率可达94％.采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、质谱(MS)及元素分析等对产物的结构进行了表征.利用差热分析仪对产物热稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,产物在空气中分解峰值温度为167℃,理论计算爆速为7.434km· s-1,爆压为23.67 GPa.