核壳结构镍的制备及催化性能

利用软化学方法制备出了聚苯乙烯(PS)/镍核壳结构和纳米镍催化剂, 并利用SEM和XRD对材料的形貌和结构进行了表征. 将上述催化剂应用于亚甲基蓝染料加氢反应, 一步实现染料褪色和硼氢化钠水解制氢. 研究表明, 核壳结构极大地提高了镍的催化能力. 在相同条件下, 核壳结构镍的加氢催化效率是纳米镍的1.42倍, 产氢效率是纳米镍的4.76倍, 这说明核壳结构在催化领域具有一定的优势.     

二氧化钛悬浆体系中八种染料的太阳光催化氧化降解

研究了二氧化钛悬浆体系中具有不同结构和不同取代基的八种染料化合物在太阳光作用下的降解过程。实验中测定了染料溶液的脱色速度、总有机碳去除率以及降解过程中部分无机离子的生成情况。结果显示,在此条件下,八种染料化合物均得到不同程度的降解。着重比较了染料分子在光催化降解过程中,不同取代基以及取代基的不同位置对染料分子降解及无机离子生成情况的影响,从而进一步揭示了染料分子的光催化降解机理。     

催化光度法测定煤矸石中痕量锡

在浓度为０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｈ３ＰＯ４介质中,痕量锡对ＮａＨ２ＰＯ２还原罗彤明Ｂ９ＲｈＢ）褪色反应有催化作用,褪色速度ｎ含量线性相关,建立了催化吸光光度法测定痕量Ｓｎ的方法。褪色反应随温度同而加快在沸水浴中５ｍｉｎ,△Ａ可达最大值,流水冷却后吸光度保持１２ｈ基本不变,溶液的最大吸收波长为５５５ｎｍ。方法检出限为０．０３５μｇ／Ｌ,吸光度变化ｎ的质量浓度在０～１．０μｇ／５０ｍＬ范围内符合比耳定律。     

催化褪色光度法测定痕量钡

Ｂａ＾２＋能在ｐＨ５弱酸性介质中催化十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＤＢＳ）对铬黑Ｔ（ＥＢＴ０的褪色反应。详细研究了动力学条件,确立测定钡的最适宜催化动力学条件。表观摩尔吸光系数ε６２０＝３．０×１０＾－６Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１ｃｍ＾－１,校正曲线方程为ｌｏｇＡ０／Ａ＝０．００６２６０＋０．０８７０４ＣＢａ＾２＋（μｇ／Ｌ）;线性范围０－１６μｇ／Ｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９１）;     

催化褪色光度法测定痕量锡(Ⅱ)

本文发现了硫酸介质中,锡（Ⅱ）催化H2O3、KIO3与中性红之间的褪色反应。研究了反应的动力学条件,建立了催化褪色光度法测定痕量锡（Ⅱ）的新方法。灵敏度为4.4×10-12gSn2+/mL.     

Laccase bound to cryogel functionalized with phenylalanine for the decolorization of textile dyes

In this study, amino acid functionalized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacrylolyl-l-phenylalanine) [PHEMAPA] cryogel discs were prepared. In this respect, phenylalanine containing N-methacryloyl-(L)-phenylalanine methyl ester (MAPA) was polymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) without requirement of any activation step. Laccase bound poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-l-phenylalanine) [Lac-PHEMAPA] cryogel discs were applied for decolorization of Reactive Blue-247 (RB-247). The ability of Lac-PHEMAPA cryogel discs on dye decolorization was found to be as 90% in 2 h and even more within 4h. The decolorization activities of 86% and 73% were observed at relatively low (4°C) and high (60°C) temperatures, respectively. The effect of dye concentration on dye decolorization and 100% decolorization activity was achieved in dye concentration between 50–300 ppm. Lac-PHEMAPA cryogel discs maintained 80% of its decolorization activity after six cycles. Consequently, the PHEMAPA cryogel discs are promising materials for immobilizing laccase. The Lac-PHEMAPA has a rapid dye decolorization in a broad range of temperature. The preparation is furthermore very stable and activity is preserved during storage.     

Reductive decolorization of a textile reactive dyebath under methanogenic conditions

The objective of the present study was to assess the biological decolorization of an industrial, spent reactive dyebath and its three dye components (Reactive Blue 19 [RB 19], Reactive Blue 21 [RB 21], and Reactive Red 198 [RR 198]) under methanogenic conditions. Using a mixed, methanogenic culture, batch assays were performed to evaluate the rate and exten of color removal as well as any potential toxic effects. Overall, a high rate and extent of color removal (>10 mg/[L·h] and 88%, respectively) were observed in cultures amended with either RB19 (an anthraquinone dye) or spent dyebath at an initial dye concentration of 300 mg/L (expressed as RB 19 equivalent) and 30 g/L of NaCl. Inhibition of acidogenesis and, to a larger degree, of methanogenesis resulting in accumulation of volatile fatty acids was observed in both RB 19- and spent dyebath-amended cultures. RB 21 (a phthalocyanine dye) and RR 198 (an azo dye) tested at an initial concentration of 300 mg/L did not result in any significant inhibition of the mixed methanogenic culture. Based on results obtained with cultures amended with RB 19 with and without NaCl, as well as a control culture amended with 30 g/L of NaCl, salt was less inhibitory than either RB 19 or the dyebath. Therefore, the toxic effect of the spent dyebath is at least partially attributed to its major dye component RB 19 and NaCl. Further testing of the effect of RB 19 decolorization products on the methanogenic activity in the absence of NaCl demonstrated that these products are much less inhibitory than the parent dye. Although color removal occurred despite the severe culture inhibition, biological decolorization of full-strength reactive spent dyebaths using methanogenic cultures in a repetitive, closed-loop system is not deemed feasible. For this reason, a fermentative and halotolerant culture was developed and successfully used in our laboratory for the decolorization of industrial reactive dyebaths with 100 g/L of NaCl.     

H3PW12O40／CeO2光催化脱色甲基橙溶液的研究

以CeO2为载体,用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的磷钨酸催化剂,并且考察了催化剂光催化脱色甲基橙溶液的催化性能。结果表明:磷钨酸最佳负载量为9%(质量分数);光催化剂加入量为300mg/100mL;在较低浓度下,甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色反应符合一级动力学方程;H3PW12O40/CeO2与TiO2具有相同的催化性能;催化剂再生后活性可恢复至65%。     

微生物法降低再造烟叶生产污水色度的研究

再造烟叶如今已成为现代卷烟配方设计的一种重要原材料,但是造纸法再造烟叶生产中会产生大量高色度的废水,如何经济快速合理地处理再造烟叶的生产废水,解决再造烟叶生产带来的环境污染问题,已成为一个亟须解决的社会问题。以再造烟叶生产废水为主要研究对象,从不同来源的污泥样品中筛选出56株菌株,从生理生化性质方面对其中降解能力较强的10株进行初步鉴定。同时,研究了复合菌群对废水的综合脱色效果,发现在温度37℃、pH 6.0、接种量20%的条件下脱色效果最好,在最优条件下进行混合菌群脱色,14 h脱色率可达76.6%。