大口径衍射光栅10 ps激光损伤阈值测量（英）

在采用啁啾脉冲放大技术的高功率短脉冲激光装置中,终端衍射光栅的损伤阈值是限制装置输出能力的瓶颈之一。提出了测量大口径光栅损伤阈值的方法。该方法通过在线监测采集大口径光斑的同发近场光强分布情况和相应的光栅损伤图像,并经过一系列后期图像数据处理,建立起能量与损伤点的对应关系,经过一个测试光斑便可获得所有通量下的光栅损伤特性。该测量方法对光斑均匀性没有硬性要求,为损伤测量装置中难以解决的光斑均匀性问题提出了新的应对思路和方法。     

基于修正Linde模型的复材层板的损伤模拟

基于连续损伤力学方法,建立含初始损伤的三维复合材料层合板的有限元模型.采用Linde等提出的应变失效准则,并引入参数对损伤函数进行修正,模拟层合板的纤维和基体的失效行为.参数的改变可以描述损伤变量随应变的变化程度.数值模拟表明,计算结果随着参数的变化幅度较大,在试验值的±15%范围内变动.本文引入的参数一方面可以拓宽Linde材料损伤判据的适用范围,另一方面在适用范围内可以达到更为精确的数值模拟结果,为后续的结构分析打下基础.     

Delamination of an elastic film from an elastic–plastic substrate during adhesive contact loading and unloading

Adhesive contact between a rigid sphere and an elastic film on an elastic–perfectly plastic substrate was examined in the context of finite element simulation results. Surface adhesion was modeled by nonlinear springs obeying a force-displacement relationship governed by the Lennard–Jones potential. A bilinear cohesive zone law with prescribed cohesive strength and work of adhesion was used to simulate crack initiation and growth at the film/substrate interface. It is shown that the unloading response consists of five sequential stages: elastic recovery, interface damage (crack) initiation, damage evolution (delamination), film elastic bending, and abrupt surface separation (jump-out), with plastic deformation in the substrate occurring only during damage initiation. Substrate plasticity produces partial closure of the cohesive zone upon full unloading (jump-out), residual tensile stresses at the front of the crack tip, and irreversible downward bending of the elastic film. Finite element simulations illustrate the effects of minimum surface separation (i.e., maximum compressive surface force), work of adhesion and cohesive strength of the film/substrate interface, substrate yield strength, and initial crack size on the evolution of the surface force, residual deflection of the elastic film, film-substrate separation (debonding), crack-tip opening displacement, and contact instabilities (jump-in and jump-out) during a full load–unload cycle. The results of this study provide insight into the interdependence of contact instabilities and interfacial damage (cracking) encountered in layered media during adhesive contact loading and unloading.     

Fourier-based incremental homogenisation of coupled unilateral damage–plasticity model for masonry structures

In structural analysis of large masonry structures, nondemanding computation effort, numerical stability and simplified model assembly and meshing often have a higher priority over precise details of local stress or strain responses. This paper presents the development of a Fourier-based incremental homogenisation technique, where the macro–micro transformations of mechanical variables are derived by incremental variational problems to minimise the potential energy in representative volume elements (RVEs) with respect to local fluctuating displacement fields expanded in Fourier series. In addition to the proposed homogenisation technique, a unilateral damage–plasticity constitutive model for mortar joints in the RVE is developed within the framework of thermomechanics, which accounts for the stiffness and strength degradation (or recovery) due to the transverse crack opening/closing in the mortar joints. The numerical solution for the homogenisation problem and the performances of the proposed coupled-damage plastic mode and Fourier-based homogenisation scheme verified by detailed case studies are presented. It has been shown that the computational effort of the analysis with the proposed modelling technique can be considerably reduced by more than 20% as compared with that of the discrete modelling technique.     

混凝土高温动态力学特性与本构方程

混凝土材料是多相复合材料,高温动荷载作用下其力学行为非常复杂。为此,对混凝土在爆炸、火灾等高温环境中力学特性的研究,有利于减小混凝土结构在爆炸及火灾事故中的损失。文中首先利用分离式霍普金森压杆试验装置(SHPB)设计出一套混凝土高温试验方案,然后基于15组试验工况对混凝土在温度为16℃至650℃范围内,加载撞击速度分别为5m/s、7m/s和12m/s时进行了SHPB试验,获得了与之对应的应力应变曲线。试验结果表明,混凝土应变率增强效应与高温弱化效应相互耦合,致使混凝土受温度的影响显著大于其应变率。最后,由试验结果以经典损伤理论模型为基础,根据混凝土高温动态力学特性,构建了一个统一的方程来描述混凝土高温动态应力应变关系的全过程,并且该本构方程计算结果与试验数据吻合良好。     

复合材料板冲击损伤检测的二维间隔平滑法

本文发展了一种基于振动的复合材料板的损伤检测方法,将原有的一维间隔平滑法(1D GSM,one dimensional gapped smoothing method)发展至二维(2D GSM),并进一步提出二维间隔平滑法的标准化损伤指标.与其他多数基于振动分析的损伤检测方法不同,该方法只需分析含有损伤结构的检测数据,无需结构健康时的数据或理论、计算结果作为对比信号,即可判定缺陷的存在,并能准确定位.针对由冲击造成的准各向同性碳纤维增强复合材料板中的层裂损伤,本文采用压电片阵列组合激励的方式,得到了复合材料板多频率扭转振型的同时激励,可实现快速、高效的损伤检测.通过扫描式激光测振仪测得结构在不同固定频率下的结构响应ODS(operational deflection shapes),利用提出的二维间隔平滑法,分析得出损伤指标.实验结果表明,二维间隔平滑法可以准确地检测碳纤维增强复合材料板的冲击损伤,并具有较好的精度.     

水分及冻融循环对红砂岩物理力学特性的影响

将干燥红砂岩进行饱水及开放系统下的冻融循环实验,并对干燥、饱水及经历一定冻融次数后的试样进行单轴压缩实验,系统地研究了红砂岩的遇水软化性及冻融损伤劣化特性,分析了岩石的弹性模量、强度、应力-应变关系的变化规律。结果表明：在水分的作用下,红砂岩的弹性模量及强度显著降低,且强度受水分影响引起的损伤较弹性模量大;水分及软弱结构面的存在促进了岩石的冻融损伤劣化,并伴随着岩石延脆性性质的改变,最终在冻融循环的作用下完全崩解;在寒区岩体工程设计和施工过程中,必须考虑水分和温度对工程稳定性的影响,采取加强防排水及隔热保温技术等综合防治措施减少冻融灾害。     

轮轨材料硬度匹配性能试验研究

利用滚动磨损试验机研究了车轮钢与U71 Mn热轧钢轨的硬度匹配性能,分析了不同硬度车轮与U71 Mn钢轨匹配时的摩擦磨损与表面损伤行为.结果表明:车轮硬度对轮轨试样滚动摩擦系数基本无影响;随车轮硬度增加,车轮磨损量呈下降趋势,钢轨磨损量表现为线性增加,轮轨总磨损量呈先降低后增加的趋势,轨轮硬度相同时轮轨系统总磨损量达到最小.车轮硬度对车轮和钢轨试样表面损伤形貌有一定影响,车轮硬度低时车轮表面损伤以麻点式剥落损伤为主,随车轮硬度增加试样表面发生大块剥落损伤,对摩副钢轨试样主要表现为表面剥落损伤机制.     

金属杂质粒子诱导薄膜的损伤机理研究

薄膜内的杂质粒子极易诱导薄膜损伤,研究了金属粒子诱导HfO₂薄膜损伤的特征,并基于金属粒子的热力学过程进行了分析。金属粒子对激光的强烈吸收将引起薄膜的熔化、气化以及电离,从而引起薄膜的剥离和脱落,形成圆状坑点;金属粒子对激光的吸收、热扩散以及热膨胀效应与其尺寸等密切相关;从温升规律分析,在相同激光能量辐照下,粒子大小引起的温升不同,从而形成大小不一的点坑状破坏点,且存在一个温升效应最强的粒径,最易引起薄膜的损伤;从金属粒子激光等离子体的辐射效应分析,金属粒子的辐射谱主要集中在紫外部分,辐射光子能量比入射激光光子能量强,具有更强的电离能力,从而加剧了薄膜的去除。     

基于移动车载响应的连续梁损伤识别

应用有限元法将连续桥梁结构离散为两跨耦合欧拉-伯努利梁模型.利用Newmark直接积分法求出在移动车载作用下桥梁的动态响应,并进一步推导出动态响应桥梁对物理参数(如杨氏模量)的时域灵敏度.在反问题中利用基于响应灵敏度的有限元模型修正法识别出桥梁的局部损伤,并讨论了人工测量噪声对损伤识别结果的影响.算例表明本文方法能够快速有效地识别出耦合梁系统的局部损伤,并具有精度高、对测量噪声不敏感等特点.