Prestretch effect on snap-through instability of short-length tubular elastomeric balloons under inflation

The inflated elastomeric balloon structures are widely used in engineering fields such as elastomeric actuators and artificial muscles. This study, involving both experiment and modeling, is focused on the prestretch effect on non-linear behavior of inflated short-length tubular elastomeric balloons. In the experiment, the prestretched tubular elastomeric balloon is subjected to air pressure while the two ends are fixed with rigid tubes. The shape evolutions of the tubular elastomeric balloons are illustrated. The non-axisymmetric bulging is observed in the inflated tubular balloon with small prestretch. An analytical model based on continuum mechanics is developed to investigate the inflation behavior of the tubular balloons, and the analytical results agree well with the experimental observation. Analysis shows that snap-through instabilities may happen during the inflation of the tubular balloon. Prestretch along the axis of the tubular balloon can suppress instability during inflation and regulate the reaction force along the axial direction. This work can guide the future application of tubular balloons in elastomeric actuators and artificial muscles.     

PROFILES OF INFLATED SURFACES

We study the shape of inflated surfaces introduced in [3] and [12]. More precisely, we analyze profiles of surfaces obtained by inflating a convex polyhedron, or more generally an almost everywhere flat surface, with a symmetry plane. We show that such profiles are in a one-parameter family of curves which we describe explicitly as the solutions of a certain differential equation.     

双气圈动力学模型的建立与求解

在建立自由气圈的动力学模型的基础上,进一步提出了双气圈的动力学模型。该模型整体化求解双气圈纱线的形态和张力的方法,既改进了以往忽略控制环的解析方法,又避免了求解中由边界条件的不确定性带来的计算上的繁琐和近似。因微分方程中加入了切向空气阻力、纱线的卷取速度及重力等微影响因素,使模型更为严密、可靠,同时拓宽了模型的使用范围。     

Color balloon snakes for face segmentation

In this paper, a new color balloon snake model is introduced and used for face segmentation in color images. It is an extension of existing balloon snake models. Based on a coarse detection of facial features, the method combines a skin-tone distribution model and a boundary diffusion model to search for the facial boundary. The skin distribution is a single Gaussian, which is proposed to extract the skin-tone region in the RGB space. The diffusion model, which is invented to diffuse the facial boundary, is a one-dimensional Gauss revolution surface. The parameters are evaluated based on an AdaBoost face detection method. The color snakes are weighted by the distributions, and the external forces evolve dynamically to reach the boundary, which depends on the balance between the internal and external forces. Experiments were conducted, and the results show that the model provides desired segmentation outcomes. It is robust against complex backgrounds and lighting pollution.     

尼龙-12球囊成形过程中的材料聚集态的变化

医用球囊已经广泛用于心脑血管疾病的治疗,但是国内对医用球囊加工过程的理论研究报道较少。本文首先对医用球囊的成形过程进行了简要的介绍,并以尼龙12为原料,通过一次成形、二次成形和最终成形过程中的操作条件的控制,制备出一系列球囊;然后用水压爆破仪对其在成形过程中各样品的应力-应变曲线进行了考察。利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差热扫描实验(DSC)和红外透射光谱实验,分别进一步考察了球囊在成形过程中材料的晶格参数、熔点与结晶度以及内部基团的变化。通过表征发现,在上述三个加工步骤中,尼龙12材料内部的高分子链间的作用力首先减弱,使材料具有更好的可塑性和可加工性能,而后的处理过程使高分子链间作用力增强,由球囊的应力-应变测试结果和球囊顺应性测试结果可知,经过上述步骤后,球囊的顺应性明显降低,而顺应性越小,则球囊在相同外力的作用下,形变越小,也就是说最终制成的球囊的强度和稳定性得到了提高。     

UV spectral measurements at moderately high resolution and of OH resonance scattering resolved by polarization during the MANTRA 2002-2004 stratospheric balloon flights

A moderately high-resolution (<0.1 nm) grating spectrometer designed to measure the solar radiation in the spectral range 295-315 nm was flown on the MANTRA stratospheric balloon payloads of 2002 and 2004. The instrument measures both the direct sunlight and the radiation scattered by the atmosphere. The latter can be observed in two orthogonal polarization directions, at 90° from the solar azimuth and at several elevations above the horizon. As the OH molecule is the principal resonant scatterer in this spectral region, this permits the inference of both ozone and OH column amounts as well as limited profile information. This paper describes the instrument and its in-flight characterization, the basic data processing and the influence of several aspects of the flight profile. The direct sun measurements are analyzed both to characterize the spectrometer responsivity to scattered radiation and to estimate the ozone abundance at the flight altitude and above. An example of a high-resolution solar spectrum at 37 km altitude is presented and compared with others in the literature. The measured OH and Rayleigh-scattered spectra are used to derive OH radiation intensity measurements (the OH airglow), which are compared with others in the literature.     

内压载荷作用下薄膜椭球的稳定性分析

超弹性橄榄状和南瓜状薄膜椭球在内压载荷作用下存在不同的分岔形式.对橄榄状薄膜椭球来说,细长比大于某一临界值时,在一定内压作用下会发生梨形分岔;小于该临界值时,薄膜椭球的分岔行为与圆管的局部起鼓现象相类似.对南瓜状薄膜椭球,无论圆扁,当内压达到某载荷值时都会发生梨形分岔.本文采用能量判据,分析了在压强控制和质量控制两种加载方式作用下,不同形状的薄膜椭球的均匀解及分岔解的稳定性.通过计算要考察的平衡状态及施加小扰动之后状态的能量差来判断当前状态是否稳定,结果表明,在压强控制下,P-V曲线下降段的均匀解和分岔解均为不稳定解.但在质量控制下,在P-V曲线下降段中只有均匀解出现时,均匀解为稳定解;而在均匀解和分岔解共存的区间内,均匀解为不稳定解,分岔解为稳定解.另外,P-V曲线两个上升段的均匀解则均为稳定解.     

用高空气球搭载微重力实验研究浮力对预混V形火焰的影响

在地面实验中观测到的燃烧现象,包含了浮力的影响。利用微重力实验在浮力消失后研究火焰,有助于深入理解燃烧过程。本文介绍了利用高空气球搭载微重力实验对甲烷－空气预混Ｖ形火焰的研究。实验提供了长时间微重力环境下火焰的动态图像。利用计算机图像处理方法对火焰图像的分析表明,在本实验的工况下,微重力下预混Ｖ形火焰锋面的张角比正常重力下变大,皱折和摆动加剧。这说明浮力确实影响预混燃烧过程。     

充气薄膜球囊测压法的数学方程

把流动坐标原点设在球囊中心,探讨了用充气薄膜球囊测量流体压力的数学方程,提出了应优选圆球囊测压,并分析了测压误差及误差处理方法,绘出了仿真曲线与实验曲线,通过实验验证了仿真的正确性.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.