Freedom and trying: Understanding agent-causal exertions

In this paper, I argue that trying is the locus of freedom and moral responsibility. Thus, any plausible view of free and responsible action must accommodate and account for free tryings. I then consider a version of agent causation whereby the agent directly causes her tryings. On this view, the agent is afforded direct control over her efforts and there is no need to posit—as other agent-causal theorists do—an uncaused event. I discuss the potential advantages of this sort of view, and its challenges.     

Action Principle and Modification of the Faddeev–Popov Factor in Gauge Theories

The quantum action (dynamical) principle is exploited to investigate the nature and origin of the Faddeev–Popov (FP) factor in gauge theories without recourse to path integrals. Gauge invariant as well as gauge non-invariant interactions are considered to show that the FP factor needs to be modified in more general cases and expressions for these modifications are derived. In particular we show that a gauge invariant theory does not necessarily imply the familiar FP factor for proper quantization. PACS numbers: 11.15.-q; 12.10.-g; 12.15.-y; 12.38.-t     

E*-酉范畴逆半群的结构

本文通过定义本原逆半群在集合上的部分作用及其整体化,给出了E*-酉范畴逆半群的结构．     

Improvement of the properties of polyarylate reinforced with liquid crystalline polymers

Blends of polyarylate of bisphenol A, PAr, with two commercial main chain liquid crystalline polymers, Vectra A950 and Vectra B950, are studied. From dynamic viscoelastic measurements it is deduced that both systems (PAr/Vectra A950 and PAr/Vectra B950) are immiscible and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs show the presence of spherical domains of the liquid crystalline polymer when PAr constitutes the matrix. Extrusion capillary measurements reveal that, under conditions of temperature and shear rate similar to those of processing, the viscosity is reduced to approximately 10% of its value when the content of liquid crystalline polymer is only 20%. This great improvement of the rheological properties is observed in both PAr/Vectra A950 and PAr/Vectra B950 blends. The effect of draw ratio on Young's modulus for different compositions is also analyzed, pointing out the reinforcing action of both liquid crystalline polymers on polyarylate: for instance, 20% of Vectra B950 in the blend gives rise to a 700% increase of the modulus of fibres prepared at a draw ratio of 50. SEM of the extrudates reveals that the spherical domains are elongated at the entrance of the capillary giving rise to a microfibrillar morphology which is related to the excellent rheological and mechanical properties of the blends.     

Equivariant mappings: a new approach in stochastic simulations

Stochastic simulations on manifolds usually are traced back to ⁿ via charts. If a group G is acting on a manifold M and if the respective distribution v is invariant under this group action then in many cases of practical interest there exists a more convenient approach which uses equivariant mappings. The concept of equivariant mappings will be discussed intensively at the instance of the Grassman manifold in which case G equals the orthogonal group. Further advantages of this concept will be demonstrated by applying it to a probabilistic problem from the field of combinatorial geometry.     

Gauge Dependence of the Effective Gravitational Field

We analyze the gauge ambiguity problem for the effective gravitational field from the standpoint of the measurement process. The motion of a test point particle playing the role of a measuring device is investigated in the field of a point gravitating mass in the one-loop approximation. We show that the gravitational field value determined from the effective equations of motion of the device explicitly depends on the Feynman gauge parameter. This dependence is essential in the sense that a gauge variation cannot be interpreted as a deformation of the reference frame, which leads to a gauge ambiguity in the values of observed quantities. In particular, this result disproves the hypothesis that gauge dependence is canceled in the effective equations of motion of a classical point particle.     

Intrinsic field theory of chemical reactions

An intrinsic principle of least action is presented for the intrinsic dynamism of chemical reactions. Then, as the stationary trajectory, a meta-IRC (intrinsic reaction coordinate) draws a geodesic curve in a rigged Riemannian space. This establishes a geodesic law for the intrinsic dynamism. Moreover, a diagrammatic perturbation theory is formulated for the intrinsic dynamism, and a dynamical interaction between a chemically reacting system and a background system is investigated. Then, the structural stability of the system is discussed using a new concept of the dynamical potential field. An example is given in order to elucidate the present theory.Dedicated to Prof. Hermann Hartmann on the occasion of his 65th birthday.     

外加无机电解质对煤浆性质调控作用的研究

考察了数种无机电解质对煤浆分散体系流变特性的影响。结果发现，煤浆的流变特性不仅与电解质种类有关，还取决于煤质特征。某些煤适，适量的无机电解质可使浆体的屈报胀塑料转化为屈服假塑性。     

粘土粒径及形态结构对粘土胶性能的影响

用超声波和离心方法将３种来源不同的粘土样品按粒分径分级，测定各级分粒径比表面积和结构，并制备相应级分的粘土胶进行物理力学性能测试，结果表明，在一定范围内，粘土粒径的变化仅对粘土胶的某些力学性能产生物明显的影响，而粘土粒子以其独特的形态结构对粘土胶产生显著的补强作用。     

Fourier interferometric stimulation (FIS) in biology and medicine

A continuously scanning Michelson interferometer was developed to modulate an intensive light source spectrally. The interferogram is used as a stimulus to investigate spectral sensitivities in insects and man. The FIS-method is fast and precise and shows many advantages which are partly based on the advantages of Fourier spectroscopy. The existing applications are summarized.