淀粉悬浮液荧光光谱特性的研究

为实现淀粉接枝共聚反应的随时检测监控及自动控制,以反应中产生的自由基具有发光特性为着眼点,研究淀粉悬浮液在紫外激励下产生的荧光光谱及其特性,可对淀粉接枝共聚反应中自由基的产生、发光和消失的特点及机理的探索提供理论和实验上的参考。实验结果表明：淀粉悬浮液在260～280 nm的紫外光激励下,发射峰值波长在339 nm左右。理论分析表明, 淀粉分子环结构中醚键C—O—C的氧未共键电子吸收激发光子产生n→σ*跃迁后,发射出荧光。     

CoW11Ti/淀粉纳米复合物的合成与表征

近年来, 多酸化合物的生物活性及药物性质研究十分活跃[1], 有些多酸化合物已作为抗HIV病毒及抗肿瘤药物应用于临床或进入临床研究[2,3]. 但由于它们的毒副作用大, 在水中稳定存在的pH值范围小, 在体内易分解, 故研究尚无突破性进展[1].     

Characterization of Full—Biodegradable Starch—PVA—Polyester Film

IntroductionConventional polymers such as polyethyleneand polypropylene persistfor many years after landdisposal.Furthermore,plastics are often soiled byfood and other biological substances,making phys-ical recycling of those materials impractical andgenerally undesirable. In contrast,biodegradablepolymers disposed in bioactive environment are de-graded by the enzymatic action of microorganismssuch as bacteria,fungi,and algae.The worldwideconsumption of biodegradable polymers increasedfrom 1 .…     

光度法测定食物中淀粉含量

采取CaCl2-HOAc提取法提取样品中淀粉,探讨了光度法测定其含量的最优条件。试验结果表明,在pH3．0～3．2介质中,标准可溶性淀粉溶液浓度C0与标准样品淀粉溶液浓度Cs的关系为：Cs=1．5145 C0＋0．008。并对不同食物样品进行淀粉含量测定,回收率为95．0％～99．0％之间。     

水溶性N-(2-羧基苯甲酰基)化壳聚糖的合成

壳聚糖(β-(1,4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧-D-葡聚糖)是甲壳素脱乙酰化反应生成的一种线性聚合物,无毒、可生物降解、并有良好的成膜性和生物相容性,近年来已在水处理、医药、食品、化妆品、农业等领域显示了其独特的应用价值。但是,因分子内和分子间氢键的作用,壳聚糖只能溶于酸和酸     

Photoluminescence of CdS nanoparticles embedded in a starch matrix

CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation in aqueous solution using starch as the capping molecule, and the effect of the pH of the solution on the optical absorption, photoluminescence, and size of the nanoparticles was studied. Absorption spectra, obtained by photoacoustic spectroscopy, indicated that the band gap energy of the crystalline nanoparticles decreased from 2.68 eV down to 2.48 eV by increasing the pH of the solution from 9 up to 14. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the CdS nanoparticles were of zinc blende structure, and that the particle size increased from 1.35 nm up to 2.45 nm with increasing pH. In addition, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements of the capped material showed a blue-shift of the emission peak for temperatures higher than 150 K, indicating the influence of starch on the formation of defect levels on the surface of the CdS nanoparticles.     

Lignin and starch as potential inductors for biodegradation of films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and protein hydrolysate

The objective of this work was to study the biodegradation of blow-moulded films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/protein hydrolysate (PH) which contain biodegradation inductors of the starch (S) and lignin (LI) types. These increase the biodegradation rate of PVA while preserving or improving the technical and usage properties of blends. The aim of the work was to reach the maximum breakdown rate so that rapid disintegration of PVA could take place at a wastewater treatment plant. The biological material chosen was activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Preparation of the blends required that a plasticiser be used, in this case glycerol (G). This allowed for successful processing but prolonged the lag phase of PVA breakdown as well as reducing its final biodegradation percentage. The influence of G, in this respect, was not affected by incorporating PH. S and LI reduced the influence of the plasticiser but caused a breakdown rate comparable to PVA itself. Contrarily, after adapting biomass to PVA, applying G produced a PVA breakdown rate three times greater, albeit with a lag phase prolonged fivefold. However, due to the duration of breakdown (the period above the retention time of wastewater during activation), this effect was not positive. The addition of PH to the blends mentioned did not exhibit any clear favourable influence. Adding S  resulted in a shorter lag phase, in addition to which the degradation rate increased by approximately 1.5 times. Combining LI and S distinctly accelerated the degradation of a blend, although a disadvantage of doing so is an incomplete breakdown of the substrate, which lowers the final biodegradation percentage. Therefore, an eventual compromise was arrived at, this being a blend of PVA/G PH S. Its breakdown time is half that of pure PVA, and the films produced, from a mechanical standpoint, are more convenient.     

Biodegradation and thermal decomposition of poly(lactic acid)-based materials reinforced by hydrophilic fillers

The effect of hydrophilic fillers (starch and wood-flour) on the degradation and decomposition of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based materials was investigated. Biodegradation was evaluated by composting under controlled conditions in accordance with AS ISO 14855. Thermal decomposition was studied by thermogravimetry (TGA). Morphological variations during biodegradation were investigated by SEM examination. It was found that biodegradation rates of PLA/starch blends and PLA/wood-flour composites were lower than that of pure cellulose but higher than that of pure PLA. The biodegradation rate was increased from about 60% to 80% when the starch content was increased from 10% to 40% after 80 days. Both starch and wood-flour accelerated thermal decomposition of PLA, and starch exhibited a relatively stronger affect then wood-flour. The decomposition temperature of PLA was decreased about 40 °C when the filler content was increased to 40%. Small polar molecules released during thermal decomposition of starch and wood-flour were attributed to the thermal decomposition behaviours of the PLA based blends and composites and their role is further discussed in this paper.     

Foamed articles based on potato starch, corn fibers and poly(vinyl alcohol)

Single-use packaging materials made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) have been identified as suitable items to be replaced by biodegradable materials. Plates made with EPS represent a source of non-degradable waste that is difficult to collect and to recycle. Potato starch based foamed plates have been prepared by a baking process. Presently, foam plates have been prepared by baking aqueous mixtures of potato starch, corn fibers, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) inside a hot mold. The effects of the addition of corn fibers, a co-product of bio-ethanol production, on mechanical properties and moisture resistance of potato starch based foamed plates were investigated. The addition of corn fiber to potato starch batter increased baking time and an increased batter volume is needed to form a complete tray. The mechanical properties of the trays decreased with added corn fiber. In previous studies PVA has been added as aqueous solution to improve strength, flexibility, and water resistance of baked starch trays. In this study, 88% hydrolyzed PVA was added as a powder in the mixture, avoiding the time consuming and costly step of pre-dissolving the PVA. The addition of PVA to potato starch batters containing corn fiber mitigated the reduction in tensile properties seen in trays with added corn fiber. Starch-based trays produced with a high fiber ratio and PVA, showed improved water resistance.     

Fortran Formac Products of Non Numerical Matrices

In some dynamical problems one may need to perform repeatedly non numerical calculations on algebraic expressions. In such a case one can use the FORMAC system which allows to carry out algebraic calculations on a digital computer. Since we have afforded this problem in one particular case, we wish to illustrate this application of FORMAC in order to bring to the attention of chemical physicists the existence of such computational technique.