PBT／PET共混体系的协同效应

ＰＢＴ、ＰＥＴ具有良好相容性，且两种聚合物分子链间存在相互作用，它们的共混体系在熔体降温结晶过程中以及溶液中均表现出协同效应。虽然ＰＢＴ、ＰＥＴ在共混体系中各自形成晶区，但熔体降温结果过程中只能观察到一个结晶放热峰，当ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共混物中两组份分子链段数目相近时，熔体降温结晶峰温较低，峰形变宽，共混体系的结晶程度降低在溶液中两组份分子链段数目相近时，共混物特性粘度（η）值最大，分子链的均方根末端     

Unusual features of micellar diffusion

Diffusion coefficients of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous solutions have been determined at 25, 95 and 135 °C using the Taylor dispersion technique. The diffusion coefficient exhibits a minimum at a surfactant concentration above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The results are interpreted in terms of electrostatic coupling and rapid exchange between micelle, surfactant monomer and counterions.     

热处理对Nylon—11结构的影响

对不同温度热处理过的Nylon－11样品，采用广角X射线衍射（WAXD），根据X射线衍射强度理论，用多重峰图解分峰方法研究了Nylon－11结构的变化，并导出了计算Nylon－11结晶度的公式．所得结果与密度法、DSC法进行了比较．同时也给出了Nylon－11的有关热力学参数，     

Micropatterning of semicrystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) solutions

Micropatterning of a semicrystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) solution was performed by a temperature controlled capillary micromolding where the rate of solvent evaporation was controlled by substrate temperature. In order to choose proper solvents for micropatterning, we have investigated the solubility of PVDF in various organic solvents and crystal structures of the PVDF bulk films cast from the solvents. The films prepared from the polar solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) dominantly showed γ type crystals regardless of preparation temperature, while the films from tetrahydrofuran (THF) exhibit α type crystals and the ones from acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) show the characteristics of both α- and γ-PVDF. The quality of micropatterns and shapes of the PVDF crystals in the patterns significantly depend on solvent evaporation rates. Micropatterns of PVDF formed in DMF at 120 °C showed the best uniformity in shape. Crystals of the PVDF nucleated at the center regions of microchannels tended to be elongated with the b-axis of γ-PVDF crystals along the channels as the concentration of the solution decreased. In contrast, crystals nucleated at the corner regions of the channels had their b-axis oriented perpendicular to the channels. In line patterns with the width of 2 μm, the corner nucleated crystals were dominant and a resulting bamboo-like crystalline microstructure was observed in which the b-axis of γ-PVDF crystals, fast growth direction, is oriented normal to the microchannels. The crystal structures of the bulk films and the micropatterns were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope in Attenuated Total Reflection mode, Polarized Optical and Scanning Electron Microscope.     

Thermal behaviour of advanced composite materials based on SiC fibres

Emanation thermal analysis (ETA) was used for characterization of thermal behaviour of SiC_f/SiC composites on heating in argon and air, respectively. Effect of gas environment (argon, air) and helium ions implantation on the microstructure development of the SiC_f/SiC composite prepared by chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) from Nicalon CG fibres was investigated under in situ conditions of heating. The annealing of near surface structure irregularities was observed in the range 280-700°C and evaluated by means of the mathematical model, assuming that the structure irregularities served as diffusion paths for radon. The ETA reflected the formation of amorphous silica and its subsequent crystallization to crystoballite. Morphology of the SiC_f/SiC samples before and after the heat treatments was characterized by means of SEM. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

用于锂离子电池的凝胶聚合物电解质的制备与性能

以丙烯腈(AN)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和衣康酸锂(IALi)为自由基共聚反应的主要单体, 采用溶液聚合方法, 合成轻度交联的P(AN-MA-IALi)聚合物电解质膜.通过FTIR, DSC和SEM等测试方法对共聚物的结构进行了表征, 利用交流阻抗等电化学方法对该膜的导电性能进行了研究.实验结果表明, 所制备的交联聚合物的室温电导率达到10-5~10-4 S/cm, 当IALi的质量分数为3%时, 所制备的聚合物电解质膜的电导率最大可达到1.89×10-4 S/cm.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(propylene carbonate)/montmorillonite nanocomposites by solution intercalation

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is a new biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonate. However, the poor thermal stability and low glass transition temperatures (T_g) have limited its applications. To improve the thermal properties of PPC, organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) was mixed with PPC by a solution intercalation method to produce nanocomposites. An intercalated-and-flocculated structure of PPC/OMMT nanocomposites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal and mechanical properties of PPC/OMMT nanocomposites were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and electronic tensile tester. Due to the nanometer-sized dispersion of layered silicate in polymer matrix, PPC/OMMT nanocomposites exhibit improved thermal and mechanical properties than pure PPC. When the OMMT content is 4 wt%, the PPC/OMMT nanocomposite shows the best thermal and mechanical properties. These results indicate that nanocomposition is an efficient and convenient method to improve the properties of PPC.     

脱水KFI沸石中钾离子分布的模拟退火研究

基于四个固定的参量设值：阳离子位能差E_M2-E_M1=25.50 kJ/mol、 E_M3-E_M1=-10.73 kJ/mol和最近邻阳离子对互作用能W₁₂=45.6 kJ/mol、 W₁₄=0.56 kJ/mol以及一个温度依赖的参量E_M4-E<     

Investigation of surface structure and composition of in situ annealed Fe–Mn binary alloy samples using RHEED and electron spectroscopy

The formation of oxides at the surface of Fe–1.5%Mn and Fe–0.6%Mn binary alloys was investigated as a function of the conditions of the heat treatments. Both the influence of temperature and the atmosphere under which the experiments were performed were studied. The range of annealing temperatures was adjusted to 800°C. The atmosphere consisted of a mixture of N₂–5%H₂ and traces of water vapour, with different fixed dew points ranging from −10°C to −30°C. The state of the annealed surfaces was determined using in situ analytical devices attached to the annealing reactor in order to avoid surface contamination or the formation of native oxides after the experiments due to contact with air. The structure and composition of the surfaces were determined by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and electron spectroscopy (XPS, AES). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

在线质谱仪在车内VOCs现场快速监测中的应用

挥发性有机物(VOCs)影响车内空气质量和驾乘者的身心健康。自主研发的在线挥发性有机物质谱仪(SPI-MS 2000),实现了有机物分子的单光子电离,产生无碎片的分子离子,可实现秒级响应,仪器的质量分辨率优于800 FWHM,质量精度优于0.02 amu,对甲苯的测定限优于3μg/m^3,且在3~8000μg/m^3范围内有良好的线性关系。将该仪器应用于某客车车内空气的在线检测:在5 s内检测到20多种微克~毫克每立方米量级的有机物。该仪器在车内VOCs现场快速监测方面有广泛的应用前景。