环状出口气泡雾化喷嘴研究

本文对环状出口气泡雾化喷嘴出口下游液膜的破碎过程进行了研究,发现气体的介入是促使液膜破碎的主要原因。利用DUALPDA对其下游流场的速度分布、颗粒直径分布以及通量分布进行了实验测量。发现喷嘴出口附近主流区域存在大量具有负向速度的颗粒,并且此处的颗粒平均直径显著减小,为气泡雾化机理提供了佐证;在喷嘴出口下游轴心处液雾呈现逆向流动趋势,证明此处存在负压回流;沿轴向的速度分布曲线与颗粒直径分布曲线的变化趋势说明气泡"爆炸"发生在出口下游5-15 mm距离内。     

激光散射法用于雾化场颗粒Sauter平均直径测量的若干问题研究

通过实验室中的模拟研究 ,探计了不同的颗粒浓度 (体积分数 )造成散射光强度和分布的差异对于Sauter平均直径测量的影响。实验结果表明 ,对同一种砂粒试样 ,由于砂粒浓度造成的散射光的强度和分布的不同 ,对Sauter平均直径的测量结果基本上没有影响。还用CCD相机对按一定比例混合而成的玻璃砂进行显微放大成像 ,得到砂粒的Sauter平均直径 ,此法对测试系统的校验有很大的帮助。     

A green method using micellar system for determination of sulfonamides in soil

A green and simple method was developed for determination of sulfonamides (SAs) in soil samples. The procedure was based on the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of SAs from soil using non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 as the extraction medium. Then sodium chloride was added into the MAE extract and the mixture was equilibrated for some time at high temperature. The analytes in the surfactant-rich phase were concentrated with the help of centrifugation and directly analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. None of potentially hazardous organic solvents was used in the whole sample preparation procedure. The significant variables for the performance of extraction and concentration were studied. The limits of detection of SAs obtained are in the range of 3.2-5.7 ng g⁻¹. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day tests ranging from 3.5% to 7.7% and from 4.6% to 9.5% are obtained, respectively. This method was applied to the determination of SAs in some soil samples with different characteristics. The SAs recoveries obtained at fortified level of 100 ng g⁻¹ for these samples are in the range of 81.2-93.7%. The effect of ageing time of spiked soil samples on the SAs recoveries was examined by the proposed method and a method reported in the literature. The recoveries of SAs decreased when the ageing time changed from 1 day to 4 weeks.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of spray-atomization characteristics of biodiesel fuel in various fuel and ambient temperatures conditions

The purpose of this work is to reveal the effects of fuel temperatures and ambient gas conditions on the spray-atomization behavior of soybean oil methyl ester (SME) fuel. The spray-atomization behavior was analyzed through spray parameters such as the axial distance from the nozzle tip, local and overall Sauter mean diameter (SMD). These parameters were obtained from a spray visualization system and a droplet measuring system. In addition, the experimental results were compared with the numerical results calculated by the KIVA-3V code. It was revealed that the increase of the fuel temperature (from 300 K to 360 K) little affects the spray liquid tip penetration. The increase of the ambient gas temperature (from 300 K to 450 K) caused a increase in the spray liquid tip penetration. Also, biodiesel fuel evaporation actively occurred due to the increase in the fuel temperature and the ambient gas temperature. Of special significance was that the highest vapor fuel mass concentration was observed at the center region of the spray axis. In the results of the microscopic characteristics, the detected local droplet size at the axial direction and overall droplet size at the axial and radial direction in a control volume increased when the fuel temperature increased. This is believed to be due to an increase in the number of small droplets that quickly evaporated. In addition, the increased fuel temperature caused the decrease of the number of droplets and the increase of the vapor fuel mass. The mean axial velocity of droplets decreased with increasing fuel temperature.     

脂肪胺水溶液吸收CO2的热力学参数的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究CO₂在脂肪胺水溶液热力学参数．研究的脂肪胺包括烷基胺、链烷醇胺、二胺以及氨基酰胺．在B3LYP/6-311+ G(d,p)水平计算脂肪胺在CO₂气相中的振动频率．通过连续介质模型在HF/6-31G(d)水平计算了溶剂几何优化的标准自由能,评价了CO₂吸收到脂肪胺水溶液过程有关的两个重要参数：酸解离常数和标准焓变二者之间大致呈线性关系．随着胺碱度的提高,CO₂吸收过程释放的热量增加,则胺再生所需的能量增加．     

兔子朊蛋白结构稳定性的分子动力学研究(英文)

朊蛋白病是一种能够对人类和动物带来致命影响,并具有高度传染性的神经退行性疾病.兔子是目前已经报道的哺乳类动物中对朊蛋白病免疫的少数几个物种之一.我们将分子动力学和操控式分子动力学模拟相结合,研究了兔子正常朊蛋白的结构稳定性;同时讨论了蛋白结构的收敛性及刚性分布,并揭示了兔子朊蛋白中关键二级结构的动力学以及受力各向异性特征,证实了兔子朊蛋白结构的稳定性特征.