Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the adsorption and relaxation of polyaniline chains during potentiodynamic redox transformations

A new approach to an equivalent circuit analysis of impedance spectra of a conducting polyaniline (PAni) layer is presented. Film properties are often modeled by constant-phase elements (CPE), which are closer to experimental results than capacitors. We want to take an insight into the CPE. We propose a novel equivalent circuit based on the Frumkin-Melik-Gaikazyan adsorption model, as we suppose that the PAni layer molecules may behave like other adsorbing and relaxing organic compounds. Measurements are performed using recently developed experimental technique—dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Obtained spectra are analyzed using the proposed equivalent circuits. Characteristics of several parameters are analyzed and discussed. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 1111–1119. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Effects of Physical Agents on Muscle Healing with a Focus on Animal Model Research

Skeletal muscle injury is caused by a variety of events, such as muscle laceration, contusions, or strain. Muscle fibers respond to minor damage with immediate repair mechanisms that reseal the cell membrane. On the other hand, repair of irreversibly damaged fibers is achieved by activation of muscle precursor cells. Muscle repair is not always perfect, especially after severe damage, and can lead to excessive fibroblast proliferation that results in the formation of scar tissue within muscle fibers. Remaining scar tissue can impair joint movement, reduce muscular strength, and inhibit exercise ability; therefore, to restore muscle function, minimizing the extent of injury and promoting muscle regeneration are necessary. Various physical agents, such as cold, thermal, electrical stimulation, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy, have been reported as treatments for muscle healing. Although approaches based on the muscle regeneration process have been under development, the most efficacious physiological treatment for muscle injury remains unclear. In this review, the influence of these physical agents on muscle injury is described with a focus on research using animal models.     

Mg/Ce-SBA-15的制备及其苯酚甲醇烷基化性能的研究

以Ce-SBA-15为载体,硝酸镁为活性组分前驱体,通过浸渍法制备了Mg/Ce-SBA-15催化剂。利用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM、EDS、NH₃-TPD、Py-FTIR和TG-DTA手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Mg掺杂并未破坏载体结构,催化剂表面弱酸含量有所增加,L酸增加明显。在固定床反应器中评价了Mg/Ce-SBA-15分子筛催化苯酚甲醇烷基化的反应性能。结果表明,Mg负载量为7%、焙烧温度为550℃、焙烧时间为4.5 h制备的Mg/Ce-SBA-15催化剂催化效果最佳。在反应温度460℃,n（苯酚）：n（甲醇）为1：4,质量空速为3.0 h^-1,常压的条件下,苯酚转化率为80.1%,邻甲酚选择性为86.4%。     

非线性动力学常微分方程组高精度数值积分方法

建立了一种求解非线性动力学常微分方程组初值问题的新方法．若非线性函数一阶导数存在，则给出解的积分方程表达式，计算得到按规定误差要求的高精度数值解．引入一般自治或非自治非线性系统的首次近似Jacobi矩阵，不作任何假设重构等价的非线性常微分方程组，简捷而有广泛的适应性，不改变方程的本质，但其主项构成线性化方程组，其它项则代表非线性函数高阶余项而不涉及Taylor级数展开计算，给出该方程组初值问题的Duhamel卷积分解析表达式，在时间步长内进行数值积分选代求解，在指定误差内快速收敛，逐步递推获得非线性常微分方程的瞬态响应和全时域高精度数值解．积分解连续满足微分方程组而不是在离散的步长端点上满足代数方程组，打破了传统用增量法在离散点上建立的代数方程组迭代求解，从而使传统Euler型逐步积分法的各种差分格式算法改变成真正的积分格式算法．数值计算中给出指数矩阵递增展开式，变矩阵乘法为乘积系数的加法，避免了大量矩阵自乘而大大提高计算效率．算法验证为无条件稳定，则保证对线性常微分方程而言，计算中舍入误差的传播不会扩散，不出现计算机字长有限而引起舍入误差导致计算不确定性问题．基于以上理论和数值方法，计算了线性非线性算例并进行了分析，验证了本方法简捷而有广泛的适应性，可以有足够的精确性．     

初弯曲纵横弯曲梁的等效载荷法及其应用

介绍一种求解初弯曲纵横弯曲梁的方法——等效载荷法,以及该方法在解决实际工程问题中的成功应用,为井下控制工具的研制和井眼轨道控制提供了理论依据．     

On the equivalence of the Wilson element and the generalized hybrid element

In this paper the equivalence of the generalized hybrid element and the modified Wilson element, which is derived by the generalized hybrid method, is proved. The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

磁性壳聚糖去除水中腐殖酸的研究

采用高温水热法合成了磁性壳聚糖,并研究了其对水中腐殖酸(HA)的吸附、脱附行为。表征结果表明,磁性壳聚糖粒径大小为200～300nm,氨基含量1.29mmol·g-1,BET比表面积36.00m2·g-1,饱和磁化强度为38.78emu·g-1,易于磁性分离。HA在磁性壳聚糖上的吸附等温线可用Freundlich方程模拟,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程。HA的吸附量随溶液pH值的升高而降低,随不同阳离子浓度增加而增加,不同类型的阳离子对HA吸附效果影响的大小顺序为:Ca2+Mg2+Na+K+。经5个脱附再生循环,磁性壳聚糖仍能保持79.8%的吸附量,表明该吸附剂再生性好,可循环使用。     

Peptoids bearing tertiary amino residues in the n-alkyl side chains: synthesis of a potent inhibitor of Semaphorin 3A

A study on the preparation of N-alkylglycines (peptoids) that contain tertiary amino residues on the N-alkyl side chains is reported. The appropriate combination of the submonomer strategy with N-alkylglycine monomer couplings depending upon the structure of the N-alkyl side chain that must be incorporated into the peptoid is determinant for the efficiency of the synthetic pathway. The application of this strategy to the preparation of SICHI, an N-alkyglycine trimer containing tertiary amino residues in the three N-alkyl branches, and that has been identified as a potent Semaphorin 3A inhibitor, is presented.     

Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of tannic acid

Tannic acid, a naturally occurring plant polyphenol, is composed of a central glucose molecule derivatized at its hydroxyl groups with one or more galloyl residues. In the present paper, we examines the in vitro radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity of tannic acid by using different in vitro analytical methodologies such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing ability determination using by Fe³⁺–Fe²⁺ transformation method, superoxide anion radical scavenging by riboflavin–methionine-illuminate system, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) chelating activities. Also, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), α-tocopherol and trolox, a water-soluble analogue of tocopherol, were used as the reference antioxidant radical scavenger compounds.Tannic acid inhibited 97.7% lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 15 μg/mL concentration. On the other hand, the above mentioned standard antioxidants indicated an inhibition of 92.2%, 99.6%, 84.6% and 95.6% on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 45 μg/mL concentration, respectively. In addition, tannic acid had an effective DPPH scavenging, ABTS⁺ radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, Fe³⁺ reducing power and metal chelating on ferrous ions activities. Also, those various antioxidant activities were compared to BHA, BHT, α-tocopherol and trolox as references antioxidant compounds. The present study shows that tannic acid is the effective natural antioxidant component that can be used as food preservative agents or nutraceuticals.