Magnetic Nanocomposites Formed by FeNi3 Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphene. Application as Supercapacitors

A general family of magnetic nanocomposites formed by FeNi₃ ferromagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a graphitized carbon matrix is reported. The soft chemical approach used relies on the catalytic effect of the NPs resulting from the thermal decomposition of the layered double hydroxide precursor, which acts as a multilayered nanoreactor enabling the formation of a range of carbon nanoforms (CNFs). This is followed by acid treatment of the as‐prepared nanocomposites to isolate the different CNFs formed. These range from carbon nano‐onions to graphene depending on the temperature of the thermal decomposition. This synthetic process paves the way for the rational design of metal–carbon nanocomposites with controllable composition as precursors of nanocarbons or even graphene. The coexistence of metal NPs and nanostructured carbon is a major source of applications. As a proof of concept, the electrochemical performance of these metal–carbon hybrid supercapacitors is studied under high discharging current densities and they exhibit high values of specific capacitance and excellent rate capabilities.     

Three 3‐Amino‐1, 2, 4‐Triazole‐Based Magnetic Complexes Incorporated with Different Carboxylate‐Containing Coligands: Synthesis,Structures, and Magnetic Properties

Three 3‐amino‐1, 2, 4‐triazole (atz)‐based paramagnetic complexes, [Mn(atz)(pa)]_n ( 1 ), {[Mn(atz)_1.5(hip)] · H₂O}_n ( 2 ), and [Mn(H₂O)₂(atz)₂(nb)₂] ( 3 ) (H₂pa = o‐phthalic acid, H₂hip = 5‐hydroxylisophthalic acid, and Hnb = p‐nitrobenzoic acid) were prepared by introducing different carboxylate‐containing aromatic coligands, and structurally and magnetically characterized. Helical Mn^II‐atz and bent Mn^II‐pa^2– chains are crosslinked by sharing the same metal sites to generate a honeycomb‐shaped framework of 1 . The undulated Mn^II‐atz layers constructed from 22‐member metallomacrocycles are periodically supported by ditopic hip^2– ligands to lead to a pillared‐layer structure of 2 . In contrast, complex 3 is a centrosymmetric mononuclear entity, which is assembled into a three‐dimensional supramolecular network by abundant hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The structural difference of 1 – 3 is significantly due to the combinations of the flexible coordination modes adopted by the mixed atz and carboxylate groups. Weak and comparable antiferromagnetic couplings are observed in the nearest neighbors of 1 – 3 , which are cooperatively transmitted either by short carboxylate and/or atz heterobridges or by weak non‐covalent interactions.     

A new series of pillared uranyl-vanadates based on uranophane-type sheets in the uranium-vanadium-linear alkyl diamine systems

A new family of three-dimensional (3D) uranyl vanadates (C₃N₂H₁₂){[(UO₂)(H₂O)][(UO₂)(VO₄)]₄}·1H₂O (C3UV), (C₄N₂H₁₄){[(UO₂)(H₂O)][(UO₂)(VO₄)]₄}·2H₂O (C4UV), (C₅N₂H₁₆) {[(UO₂)(H₂O)][(UO₂)(VO₄)]₄} (C5UV), (C₆N₂H₂₀) {[(UO₂)(H₂O)][(UO₂)(VO₄)]₄} (C6UV) and (C₇N₂H₂₂) {[(UO₂)(H₂O)][(UO₂)(VO₄)]₄} (C7UV) was prepared from mild-hydrothermal reactions using 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane and 1,7-diaminoheptane as structure directing agents. The five compounds are orthorhombic, space group Cmc2₁, with a≈15.6, b≈14.1, c≈13.6 Å. The structures were solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The compounds contain the same three-dimensional inorganic framework built from uranyl-vanadate layers of uranophane-type anion topology pillared by [UO₆(H₂O)] pentagonal bipyramids. The doubly protonated diamines reside in the cavities created by the inorganic framework and are linked to the inorganic framework through hydrogen bonds involving one nitrogen atom. The structure is compared with that of uranyl-phosphates and uranyl-arsenates containing alkaline metals. The use of alkaline metals for the synthesis of uranyl-vanadates leads to carnotite-type compounds.     

聚丙烯酰胺/层状无机物纳米复合材料研究进展

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)/层状无机物纳米复合材料相比于纯PAM具有更好的力学性能、超吸水性能、热稳定性能和气体阻隔性能等,是一种性能优异并在采油、农业和卫生学等领域有着广泛应用前景的新型聚合物基纳米复合材料。本文对近年来聚丙烯酰胺/层状无机物纳米复合材料的研究进展进行了综述。首先重点介绍了层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)在有机溶剂和水中剥离分散方面的研究进展,接着综述了PAM/LDH和PAM/粘土纳米复合材料的制备与结构表征,最后阐述了PAM/层状无机物纳米复合材料的流变性能、力学性能和超吸水性能等。     

铝代α-Co（OH）2的制备及其电化学性能

采用化学共沉淀方法制备了Co-Al双金属氢氧化物,用红外光谱对所制样品的成分进行分析;用X射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜表征产物的结构和形貌;用循环伏安、恒电流充放电等测试方法对Co/Al摩尔比为9∶1、8∶2和7∶3的铝代α-Co(OH)2的电化学性能进行研究。测试表明,Co/Al摩尔比为8∶2的铝代α-Co(OH)2具有最佳的电容性能,单电极比电容可达1180F/g,并且在1A/g电流密度下循环500周后,比电容仍能保持91%,有望成为电化学电容器的电极材料。     

Shape-selective para-chlorination of phenol using sulfuryl chloride with the aid of microporous catalysts

Aluminum-pillared montmorillonite clay, and partially cation-exchanged L type zeolites, efficiently catalyze the selective para-chlorination of phenol using SO₂Cl₂ in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 25 °C. A conversion of ∼96%, a para-selectivity of ∼89%, and a para/ortho ratio of 8.0, were achieved with H⁺, Al³⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺-L zeolite. This heterogeneous zeolite-catalyzed process is the first example, which shows a pronounced shape-selectivity in the chlorination of phenol.     

铁铝复合柱撑粘土的制备、酸性与表征(II)

用UV-DRS、Mossbauer谱、XPS、程序升温还原(TPR)等技术对新型铁铝复合柱撑粘土(FeAl-PILC)进行了表征, 用IR、吡啶吸附IR、正丁胺吸附-TPD手段, 考察了其表面羟基和酸性. 结果表明, 层间柱铁铝聚合物中铁-铝间存在着相互作用. Fe/Al比<0.5时, 相互作用强, 铁的分散度大, 难还原. Fe/Al≥0.5时, 相互作用较弱, 易还原, 焙烧后易生成α-Fe_2O_3s. 随Fe/Al的增加, 其表面酸性逐渐减弱.     

高镍含量二元金属柱撑粘土的制备

报道了一种制备多元金属柱撑粘土的新方法－生长法。将此法与通用的同晶取代法制得的样品进行比较，发现前者的镍含量远大于后者。此种交联物的底面间距约１．７ｎｍ，样品在ＩＲ谱中７４４ｃｍ＾－１处出现的吸收谱带可作为柱状物存在的标识，插入层间的柱状物中镍以六配位形式存在，是一种尖类晶石结构，处于这种状态的镍要比同晶取代进入Ｊｏｈａｎｓｓｏｎ离子中的镍更难于被还原。     

Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and its photoactivity of CdS/Rectorite nanocomposites

CdS/Rectorite nanocomposites were prepared through hydrothermal method by using Cd[NH₂CSNH₂]₂Ac₂ complex as precursor of CdS which was derived from cadmium acetate and thiourea. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared spectra (FTIR), diffusion reflection spectra (DRS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. Experimental results indicate that CdS exist in at least three forms: CdS adsorbed at surface, CdS pillared in montmorillonite-like layers of Rectorite and CdS pillared in the new layered structure formed during the hydrothermal process. Those CdS crystals are hexagonal symmetry. The photoactivity and photostability of the obtained CdS/Rectorite nanocomposites are improved significantly compared to that of the reference Rectorite and pure CdS.