Preparation of a Novel Copolymer of Hyperbranched Polyglycerol with Multi-arms of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

A novel copolymer (PG‐PNIPAM) composed of polyglycerol (PG) as core and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as arms was prepared by the radical addition‐fragmentation transfer polymerization (RAFT) of NIPAM in the presence of PG with multi‐trithiolcarbonate groups (PG‐TTC). The results showed that the RAFT polymerization was controllable and nearly all trithiolcarbonates groups on PG took part in the polymerization. The final PG‐PNIPAM copolymer showed a thermally dependent hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition around 28–30°C.     

Global characterization of the photosynthetic glycerolipids from a marine diatom Stephanodiscus sp. by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry

The photosynthetic glycerolipids composition of algae is crucial for structural and physiological aspects. In this work, a comprehensive characterization of the photosynthetic glycerolipids of the diatom Stephanodiscus sp. was carried out by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS). By use of the MS^E data collection mode, the Q-TOF instrument offered a very viable alternative to triple quadrupoles for precursor ion scanning of photosynthetic glycerolipids and had the advantage of high efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity and mass accuracy. Characteristic fragment ions were utilized to identify the structures and acyl compositions of photosynthetic glycerolipids. Comparing the abundance of fragment ions, it was possible to determine the position of the sn-glycerol-bound fatty acyl chains. As a result, four classes of photosynthetic glycerolipid in the extract of Stephanodiscus sp. were unambiguously identified, including 16 monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs), 9 digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs), 23 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) and 8 phosphatidylglycerols (PGs). As far as our knowledge, this is the first report on global identification of photosynthetic glycerolipids, including lipid classes, fatty acyl composition within lipids and the location of fatty acids in lipids (sn-1 vs. sn-2), in the extract of marine microalgae by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS directly.     

Probing the interplay between amyloidogenic proteins and membranes using lipid monolayers and bilayers

Many degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's involve proteins that have a tendency to misfold and aggregate eventually forming amyloid fibers. This review describes the use of monolayers, bilayers, supported membranes, and vesicles as model systems that have helped elucidate the mechanisms and consequences of the interactions between amyloidogenic proteins and membranes. These are twofold: membranes favor the formation of amyloid structures and these induce damage in those membranes. We describe studies that show how interfaces, especially charged ones, favor amyloidogenic protein aggregation by several means. First, surfaces increase the effective protein concentration reducing a three-dimensional system to a two-dimensional one. Second, charged surfaces allow electrostatic interactions with the protein. Anionic lipids as well as rafts, rich in cholesterol and gangliosides, prove to play an especially important role. Finally, these amphipathic systems also offer a hydrophobic environment favoring conformational changes, oligomerization, and eventual formation of mature fibers. In addition, we examine several models for membrane permeabilization: protein pores, leakage induced by extraction of lipids, chaotic pores, and membrane tension, presenting illustrative examples of experimental evidence in support of these models. The picture that emerges from recent work is one where more than one mechanism is in play. Which mechanism prevails depends on the protein, its aggregation state, and the lipid environment in which the interactions occur.     

关于mr(2,q)的一个新值

编码理论中关于寻找某一线性码的最大长度涉及到有限射影空间中关于t-blockingsets,(k,r-ares和caps集所含元素的个数的问题,本文研究了(k,r)-arc集的元素的个数,找到了使得(k,r)-arc集存在的最大k值,即mr(2,q)的一个新值,丰富了编码理论的相关内容。     

Review of the applications of different analytical techniques for coxibs research

An extensive survey of the literature published in analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry journals has been conducted and analytical methods which were developed and used for the determination of some of the COX-2 inhibitors, a subclass of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in bulk drugs, formulations, and biological fluids have been reviewed. This review covers the time period from 1999 to present, during which over 140 analytical procedures including chromatographic, spectrometric, electrophoretic and voltammetric techniques were reported. Presented applications concern analysis of coxibs from pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples.     

基于模糊数直觉模糊PG算子的多属性决策方法

针对决策信息为三角模糊数直觉模糊数(TFNIFN)且属性间存在相互关联的多属性群决策(MAGDM)问题,提出了一种基于三角模糊数直觉模糊PG(TFNIFPG)算子的决策方法.首先,基于TFNIFN的运算法则和PG(Power Geometric)算子,定义了TFNIFPG算子.然后,研究了该算子的一些性质,建立基于TFNIFPG算子的MAGDM模型,结合排序方法进行决策.最后通过某项目投资算例验证了该算子的有效性与可行性.     

Structural Insights into Pixatimod (PG545) Inhibition of Heparanase,a Key Enzyme in Cancer and Viral Infections

Pixatimod (PG545), a heparan sulfate (HS) mimetic and anticancer agent currently in clinical trials, is a potent inhibitor of heparanase. Heparanase is an endo-β-glucuronidase that degrades HS in the extracellular matrix and basement membranes and is implicated in numerous pathological processes such as cancer and viral infections, including SARS−CoV-2. To understand how PG545 interacts with heparanase, we firstly carried out a conformational analysis through a combination of NMR experiments and molecular modelling which showed that the reducing end β-D-glucose residue of PG545 adopts a distorted conformation. This was followed by docking and molecular dynamics simulations to study the interactions of PG545 with heparanase, revealing that PG545 is able to block the active site by binding in different conformations, with the cholestanol side-chain making important hydrophobic interactions. While PG545 blocks its natural substrate HS from binding to the active site, small synthetic heparanase substrates are only partially excluded, and thus pentasaccharide or larger substrates are preferred for assaying this class of inhibitor. This study provides new insights for the design of next-generation heparanase inhibitors and substrates.     

粘性流体中弹性板振动的有限元耦合问题

流体－结构耦合作用问题是工程中比较常见的问题，具有重要意义，由于流体计算的复杂性，迄今为止，大部分的流体－结构耦合分析都是建立在对流体充分简化的基础上，尤其是将流体视为无粘、无旋的理想流体。该文在近年来前人工作的基础上，发展了一种流体－弹性结构耦合计算模式。流体视为不可压、有粘的介质，流场没有自由表面。该文采用ＳＵ／ＰＧ方法形成流体的有限元方程，采用ＡＬＥ格式处理流体和结构之间的移动界面。采用预估     

The cubic Segre variety in PG(5, 2)

The Segre variety in PG(5, 2) is a 21-set of points which is shown to have a cubic equation Q(x) = 0. If T(x, y, z) denotes the alternating trilinear form obtained by completely polarizing the cubic polynomial Q, then the associate U ^# of an r-flat PG}(5, 2)}$$" align="middle" border="0"> is defined to be