NH3和SO3对硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵生成的影响

通过建立具有更精确的SO₃组分的实验室模拟烟气系统,同步研究了反应物浓度对硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵生成率和生成进度（生成速率）的影响。在实验浓度范围内,硫酸氢铵的开始生成温度为230-270℃,峰值温度为180-240℃,硫酸铵开始生成温度及峰值温度总体上比硫酸氢铵低40℃左右。硫酸氢铵的生成率明显高于硫酸铵,根据NH₃和SO₃浓度与物质的量比不同,烟温到120℃时,硫酸氢铵的生成率为64%-90%,硫酸铵的生成率为6%-15%,硫酸氢铵的生成率为硫酸铵的6-10倍。反应物浓度的增加会促进硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵的生成,且SO₃较NH₃更有利于硫酸氢铵的生成。硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵生成份额随温度的变化呈单峰状,且随着反应物浓度的增加,其峰值所在的温度区间逐渐升高。     

MnαTi1-α催化剂NH3选择性催化还原NO的中低温活性及机理研究

采用浸渍法制备了不同MnO_x负载量的SCR催化剂,检测其在中低温下的脱硝活性和抗SO_2中毒性能,并分析影响Mn_αTi_(1-α)催化剂中低温活性的机理。采用BET、XRD、XPS、NH_3-TPD和H_2-TPR对催化剂表征。研究表明,随着MnO_x负载量的增加,Mn_αTi_(1-α)催化剂最高脱硝活性温度区间向低温区移动,Mn_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)催化剂在200-385℃脱硝效率达80%以上。SO_2会造成Mn_αTi_(1-α)催化剂脱硝活性显著下降,且不可逆。当MnO_x负载量增加时,催化剂比表面积先增大后略微减小、H_2-TPR中Mn~(4+)峰面积增大、表面化学吸附氧增加,有利于NH_3-SCR反应在低温下的进行。Mn_αTi_(1-α)催化剂的酸性位点随MnO_x含量增加而增多,H_2还原峰出现温度较低,表明Mn_αTi_(1-α)催化剂具有良好的中低温氧化还原性。     

Indirect resolution of enantiomers of penicillamine by TLC and HPLC using Marfey's reagent and its variants

TLC and HPLC methods were developed for indirect chiral separation of penicillamine (3,3-dimethylcysteine) enantiomers after derivatization with Marfey's reagent (FDNP-Ala-NH(2)) and two of its structural variants, FDNP-Phe-NH(2) and FDNP-Val-NH(2). The binary mobile phase of phenol-water (3:1 v/v) and solvent combinations of acetonitrile and triethylamine phosphate buffer were found to give the best separation in normal and reversed-phase TLC, respectively. The diastereomers were also resolved on a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column with gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.01 m trifluoroacetic acid. The results due to these three reagents were compared. The method was successful for checking the enantiomeric impurity of l-penicillamine in d-penicillamine and to check the enantiomeric purity of pharmaceutical formulations of d-penicillamine. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limit of detection and limit of quantification.     

Hole blocking PbI2/CH3NH3PbI3 interface

Modulated charge separation across (MO)/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and (MO)/PbI₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MO = TiO₂, MoO₃) interfaces was investigated by surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy. Perovskite layers were deposited by solution‐based one‐step preparation and two‐step preparation methods. An unreacted PbI₂ layer remained at the interface between the metal oxide and CH₃NH₃PbI₃ for two‐step preparation. For the two‐step preparation on TiO₂, the SPV signal related to absorption in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ increased in comparison to the one‐step preparation due to electron transfer from CH₃NH₃PbI₃ via PbI₂ into TiO₂ whereas the SPV signal related to defect transitions decreased. For the one‐step preparation on MoO₃, holes photogenerated in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ recombined with electrons in MoO₃. In contrast, a hole transfer from CH₃NH₃PbI₃ towards MoO₃ was blocked by the PbI₂ interlayer for the two‐step preparation on MoO₃. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

大气压 Ar／NH3同轴介质阻挡放电发射光谱诊断

采用光谱在线技术（OES）检测了大气压 Ar／NH3 DBD 等离子体中的主要粒子为 NH,N,N+,N2, Ar,Hα,OH。NH 是 NH3分解的产物,激发态 Ar*和 NH3分子的潘宁碰撞生成激发态中性粒子 NH（c 1Π）和 NH（A 3Π）。674．5 nm 处 N 原子谱线表明等离子体中产生了 N 活性原子,为大气压 Ar／NH3同轴介质阻挡放电等离子体合成ε-Fe3 N 磁性颗粒提供了可能。研究了各主要粒子谱线强度随 NH3流量和外加电压峰峰值的变化规律,研究结果表明：NH3流量相同时,随外加电压峰峰值升高,各粒子谱线强度均逐渐增强;外加电压峰峰值相同时,各谱线强度随 NH3流量增加先增强后减弱。外加电压峰峰值相同时,随 NH3流量增加,N 活性原子谱线强度先增强后减弱,NH3流量为20 mL·min－1时,N 活性原子谱线强度最强。NH3流量相同时,随外加电压峰峰值升高,N 活性原子谱线强度逐渐减小,主要是由于大气压 Ar／NH3 DBD 放电模式由多脉冲大气压辉光放电转变为丝状放电造成。多脉冲大气压辉光放电的微放电通道之间相互重叠,各个微放电之间相互影响,导致随外加电压峰峰值升高各谱线强度的增加速率较快。当外加电压峰峰值从4600 V 升高到6400 V 时,大气压 Ar／NH3 DBD 的放电模式由单脉冲 APGD 转变为二脉冲 APGD,属于均匀大气压介质阻挡放电,随外加电压峰峰值升高谱线强度的增加速率较快,利于合成ε-Fe3 N 磁性颗粒。     

CH3NH3I在制备CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx钙钛矿太阳能电池中的作用

利用具有钙钛矿结构的有机-无机杂化卤化物制备的太阳能电池, 由于具有溶液可加工性和高光电转换效率, 受到了广泛关注. 在目前报道的最高光电转换效率的器件中, 采用了CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x碘氯混合钙钛矿作为吸光层, 据报道在这种材料中光电子的扩散长度可以超过1 μm. 本文综述了在CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x方面现有的研究工作, 指出了薄膜制备条件的重要性, 并研究了CH₃NH₃I在PbCl₂/CH₃NH₃I热解法制备CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x吸光层中的作用. 扫描电子显微镜研究表明CH₃NH₃I加入量为PbCl₂的2倍到2.75倍时, CH₃NH₃I加入量的增加可以提高CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x吸光层的覆盖度和结晶度, CH₃NH₃I加入量进一步增加到3倍时, 形貌变化不大. X射线光电子能谱的数据证实了CH₃NH₃I加入量对覆盖度的影响, 并显示在CH₃NH₃I加入量大于PbCl₂的2.5倍以后, CH₃NH₃PbI_(3-x)Cl_x中氯的掺入量急剧下降. 光电测试表明器件性能随CH₃NH₃I加入量增加而增加, 在CH₃NH₃I/PbCl₂为3/1时达到最高, 加入量略小于3/1对性能影响不大.     

Microscopic evidence of a metallic state in the one‐pot organic conductor ammonium tetrathiapentalene carboxylate

¹H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and high‐field ESR (electron spin resonance) measurements were carried out for self‐doped organic conductors in the ammonium tetrathiapentalene carboxylate (TTPCOO)₂[(NH₄¹⁺)_1–x(NH₃⁰)_x ] system. While the pristine TTPCOOH molecule is closed‐shell, self‐doped carriers are generated by substitution of the carboxyl proton by (NH₃⁰) and (NH₄¹⁺), which can be regarded as a charge reservoir. The π‐extended system TTPCOO has a uniaxial g ‐tensor, indicating a 2D isotropic structure such as a herring‐bone‐like or parallel cross donor arrangement. The NMR‐relaxation rate indicated the Korringa relation in the temperature dependence, and the ESR linewidth followed the Elliot mechanism. Both of these observations provide supporting evidence for a stable metallic state. In this paper, we introduce self‐doped organic conductors as a branch of materials design, and emphasize that advanced magnetic resonance measurements are powerful tools for developing functional materials. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

过渡金属离子掺杂CeO_2-SO_4~(2-)固体酸的结构、redox性能、吸附性能及NH_3-SCR活性研究

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了Cux+,Fex+,Nix+和Zrx+掺杂的CeO2-SO42-固体酸NH3-SCR催化剂。利用XRD,IR,NH3-TPD,NH3-TPO,NOx-TPD和NO-TPO等手段研究了过渡金属离子掺杂对CeO2-SO42-催化剂结构、吸附性能、redox性能和NH3-SCR活性的影响。试验结果表明,Nix+和Zrx+掺杂的CeO2-SO42-固体酸催化剂的NH3-SCR活性最好,在250～360℃温度范围内NOx的转化率可达80%以上;Cux+掺杂催化剂的NOx和NH3吸附性能较差,导致催化剂的脱硝效率较低,而Fex+掺杂催化剂虽然具有较好的NH3和NOx吸附性能,但该催化剂对NH3的氧化性能较高,导致高温条件下还原剂的氧化,从而降低了CeO2-SO42-催化剂的活性;Nix+和Zrx+掺杂可以在提高催化剂吸附性能的基础上保持较低的NH3氧化活性,从而使CeO2-SO24-催化剂保持较高的脱硝性能。     

Ab-initio density functional theory study of a WO3 NHa-sensing mechanism

WO3 bulk and various surfaces are studied by an ab-initio density functional theory technique. The band structures and electronic density states of WO3 bulk are investigated. The surface energies of different WO3 surfaces are compared and then the （002） surface with minimum energy is computed for its NH3 sensing mechanism which explains the results in the experiments. Three adsorption sites are considered. According to the comparisons of the energy and the charge change between before and after adsorption in the optimal adsorption site Olc, the NH3 sensing mechanism is obtained.     

钙钛矿(C6H5CH2NH3)2PbBr4拉曼光谱研究

运用激光拉曼光谱实验和密度泛函理论计算研究了450～1 700 cm-1光谱范围内有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料(C₆H₅CH₂NH₃)₂PbBr₄的振动模式特性。对比实验所得拉曼光谱和理论计算所得拉曼光谱,发现密度泛函理论计算可以很好的模拟(C₆H₅CH₂NH₃)₂PbBr₄有机部分的分子振动模式。同时通过比较分析密度泛函理论计算和参考文献,对450～1 700 cm-1光谱范围内的拉曼峰的分子振动模式进行了初步的归属,并发现该光谱范围内的拉曼峰主要是由(C₆H₅CH₂NH₃)₂PbBr₄分子中有机部分振动所产生的。