X-射线衍射法测定尼龙1010结晶度

根据X-射线散射强度理论,使用图解多重峰方法对尼龙1010三个结晶峰及非晶峰的衍射强度进行校正,首次导出了尼龙1010结晶度计算公式,所得结果与密度及量热测定结果具有很好可比性。     

阴离子聚合PA6与苎麻纤维复合反应中的阻聚与变色机理的研究

通过浇注成型的方法研究并发现了苎麻纤维与阴离子聚合尼龙6(APA-6)反应加工过程中严重的阻聚和变色问题.为了分析阻聚和变色的机理并寻找解决方案,选取了3种不同的引发剂(氢氧化钠、己内酰胺钠盐和己内酰胺溴化镁)分别与微晶纤维素(MCC)在150℃的真空条件下反应.然后分别采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、原子吸收光谱、X-射线衍射和核磁共振波谱表征了引发剂和MCC反应前后的变化.结果证明,阻聚和变色的机理是在强碱性和高温条件下,纤维素发生了剥皮反应,产生的副产物又极易与引发剂反应,因此导致APA-6中起引发作用的己内酰胺阴离子被消耗,从而使得聚合反应终止.另外,由于己内酰胺溴化镁(C1)的低活性和弱碱性,使得剥皮反应很大程度的降低,进而避免了引发剂阴离子的消耗,从而使得阻聚和变色问题得到明显改善,最终实现了通过反应加工的方法制备APA-6与苎麻纤维复合材料的目的.     

尼龙6纳米纤维膜的制备及其对己烷雌酚的吸附性能研究

采用静电纺丝设备制备尼龙6纳米纤维膜。用静、动态吸附方法,研究了尼龙6纳米纤维膜对己烷雌酚的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、初始浓度及介质p H值对尼龙6纳米纤维膜吸附己烷雌酚的影响。结果表明,初始浓度为2mg/L时,尼龙6纳米纤维膜吸附己烷雌酚的过程符合准一级动力学模型;当初始浓度在5~20mg/L范围内,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。尼龙6纳米纤维膜吸附己烷雌酚的过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions into nanofibers: Rheology and morphology relationships

The relationship between the rheological properties of nylon-6,6 solutions and the morphology of their electrospun nanofibers was established. The viscosity of nylon-6,6 in formic acid(90%) was measured in the concentration range of 5 wt%-25 wt% using a programmable viscometer. Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions was carried out under controlled parameters. The chemical structure, morphology and thermal properties of the obtained nanofibers were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), respectively. Entanglement concentration(ce) was found to be 15 wt% and a power law relationship between specific viscosity and solution concentration was observed with exponents of 2.0 and 3.3 for semi-dilute unentangled(c ce) and semi-dilute entangled(c ce) regimes, respectively. The diameter and uniformity of the nanofibers were found to be dependent on the viscosity. Moreover, the average diameter of electrospun nanofibers was found to be dependent on zero shear rate viscosity and normalized concentration(c/ce) in a power law relationship with exponents of 0.298 and 0.816, respectively. For nylon-6,6 solutions, the entanglement concentration(ce = 15 wt%) provides the threshold viscosity required for the formation of a stable polymeric jet during electrospinning and producing uniform beadless fibers. For concentrations less than ce, beaded fibers with some irregularities are formed. DSC analysis showed an increase in crystallinity of all electrospun samples compared to original polymer. Furthermore, Based on FTIR spectroscopy, α phase is dominant in electrospun nanofibers and minor amount of β and γ phases is also available.     

Solution Blowing of Poly（dimethylsiloxane）/Nylon 6 Nanofiber Mats for Protective Applications

A new strategy was developed to fabricate superhydrophobic nylon 6 nanofibers, in which the blend solutions of poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) prepolymer and nylon 6 was spun using an innovative solution blowing process, and then the PDMS prepolymer contianning nanofibers were cured to obtain PDMS/nylon 6 nanofiber mats. Morphology, surface composition, non-wetting property and protective performance were investigated. The results showed that the addition of PDMS prepolymer improved the spinnability of the spinning solutions, and the PDMS/nylon 6 nanofibers had smooth surfaces and diameters from 100 nm to 350 nm. The presence of PDMS effectively enhanced the hydrophobicity of the nanofiber mats, showing water contact angles of 132° to 161° for PDMS contents of 1 wt% to 3 wt%. The PDMS/nylon 6 mats also possessed excellent protective and transport properties. The results indicated the potential application of the novel nanofiber mats in protective clothing.     

超声提取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定尼龙等食品接触材料中5种酰胺类物质

对超声提取法从尼龙等食品接触材料中分离出5种酸胺类物质(丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、己内酰胺、油酸酰胺和硬脂酰胺)的条件进行了优化。预先将所分析的材料洗净晾干,剪成0.5cm×0.5cm的小块,并混匀。取此样品1.00g,用甲醇先后提取2次,每次加甲醇25mL,于25℃超声提取30min。将提取后过滤所得滤液合并,在45℃吹氮至近干。残渣用甲醇溶解并定容至50.0mL。取此溶液1.0mL,用0.22μm滤膜过滤,取其滤液按仪器工作条件进行气相色谱-质谱分析。选用Agilent HP5-MS色谱柱及在60～270℃区间按程序升温模式进行色谱分离,并按5种酰胺化合物的保留时间进行质谱测定。上述5种酰胺的质量浓度均在5～100mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系。测得其检出限(3S/N)为0.08～1.0mg·L~(-1)。以空白样品为基体,加入5种酰胺的混合标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率为90.2%～104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.78%～1.7%。按本方法分析了4件实样,结果仅在尼龙炊具中检测到已内酰胺,质量分数为10mg·kg~(-1),小于欧盟规定的迁移限量(15mg·kg~(-1))。     

闪光照相中源尺寸和散射对成像的影响

 利用Monte Carlo(MC)模拟技术解释实验中心线灰度曲线的各部分波形。结果发现，系统中的散射照射量、光源的尺寸和H-D特征曲线的形状对实验灰度曲线的各部分波形均有影响：散射量越大，中心信号幅度越低;H-D曲线趾部的非线性越严重，中心信号幅度也越低;光源尺寸造成图像越模糊。指出了用实验波形可以半定量确定系统散射程度和光源尺寸。在测量照射量时，应该尽可能避免散射的干扰,用台阶法测量H-D曲线时，应使台阶远离剂量片而前移。     

2+1维SU(2)群胶球质量的MC计算

本文对具有严格基态解的格点规范哈密顿量,给合变分法和Monte Carlo方法,在18²格点上,计算了2+1维SU(2)规范群的正二十面体分立点群的胶球质量,在0<1/g²范围内,得到与SU(2)群的解析变分法^[3]一致的结果.验证了质量隙的标度行为是am=2.3g².     

FV/MC混合算法求解轴对称钝体后湍流流场

介绍一种有限容积／Monte Carlo结合求解湍流流场的相容的混合算法．有限容积法求解Reynolds平均的动量方程和能量方程，Monte Carlo方法求解模化的脉动速度—频率—标量联合的PDF方程．将该算法发展到无结构网格，探讨了在无结构网格中实现两种方法的耦合，包括颗粒定位，颗粒场和平均场之间数据交换等问题．并以二维轴对称钝体后湍流流场作为算例，比较了计算结果与实验结果．