Electrolytic Co3O4 for thin-layer anodes of lithium-ion batteries

Electrolytic (e) cobalt oxide of a spinel structure, e-Co₃O₄, is obtained from the sulfate and nitrate (aqueous, water-alcohol) solutions containing Co²⁺ with the aim of using it in thin-layer anodes of lithium-ion batteries. The physicochemical and structural properties of the synthesized compounds are examined using thermal and x-ray diffraction analyses, absorption IR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical characteristics of e-Co₃O₄ are determined in breadboards of lithium power sources and in the lithiumion system LiCoO₂/e-Co₃O₄.     

Synthesis and characterization of LiCo<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Mn<Subscript>2−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> powder by a novel CAM microwave-assisted sol–gel method for Li ion battery

LiMn₂O₄-based spinels are of great interest as positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. LiCo _x Mn_2−x O₄ (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) spinel phases have been synthesized by novel citric acid-modified microwave-assisted sol–gel method. The structural properties of the synthesized products have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. To improve the recharge capacity of Li/LiCo _x Mn_2−x O₄ cells, the electrochemical features of LiCo _x Mn_2−x O₄ compounds have been evaluated as positive electrode materials. The structural properties of Co-doped oxides are very similar to LiMn₂O₄ electrode. Techniques like cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge and cycle life are also used to characterize the LiCo _x Mn_2−x O₄ (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) electrodes.     

Nb 掺杂LiFePO4/C 的一步固相合成及电化学性能

用固相法一步合成了Nb掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料, 研究了Nb掺杂量对材料电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, Nb掺杂后LiFePO4/C复合材料的电化学性能明显提高. 在0.5C、1C和2C充放电倍率下, 名义成分为Li0.96Nb0.008FePO4/C正极材料的比容量分别为161、148和132 mAh•g−1, 已达到实用化水平. 阻抗谱和循环伏安特性测试显示, Nb掺杂有效地降低了复合材料电极的阻抗和极化, 说明Nb掺杂的主要作用是提高了LiFePO4的电子电导率.     

添加剂对SiO电性能的影响及其机理分析

SiO_x/CoO and SiO/Li₂CO₃ composite materials were prepared by mechanical ball-milling. The structures of the obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). And scanning electron microscopes (SEM) of three samples after 20 cycles were also given. In addition， the electrochemical performances of three materials with galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling were investigated. The results show that the composite samples have larger initial reversible capacities and better cycle performance than pure SiO. Also，a schematic diagram showing the buffer effects of Li₂CO₃ addition and the mechanism of improving electrochemical performance by adding Li₂CO₃ are suggested.     

Surface film formation on a graphite electrode in Li‐ion batteries: AFM and XPS study

The formation of a passivation film (solid electrolyte interphase, SEI) at the surface of the negative electrode of full LiCoO₂/graphite lithium‐ion cells using LiPF₆ (1M ) in carbonate solvents as electrolyte was investigated by means of x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The analyses were carried out at different potentials of the first and the fifth cycles, showing the potential‐dependent character of the surface‐film species formation. These species were mainly identified as Li₂CO₃ up to 3.8 V and LiF up to 4.2 V. This study shows the formation of the SEI during charging and its partial dissolution during discharge. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一维棒状ZnO的制备及电化学嵌锂性能研究

目前,商业化锂离子电池一般采用石墨作为负极材料,因其电位与金属锂电极的电位很接近,所以当电池反复循环和过充时,石墨表面易析出金属锂,会因形成枝晶而短路。在温度过高时还容易引起热失控。同时,锂离子电池的容量在很大程度上取决于负极的锂嵌入量,而且石墨材料容量相对较低     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of yttrium-doped LiMn<Subscript>0.98</Subscript>Y<Subscript>0.02</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> for lithium secondary batteries

Yttrium-doped lithium manganese oxide (LiMn_0.98Y_0.02O₂) was prepared by ion exchange of lithium for sodium in NaMn_0.98Y_0.02O₂ precursors obtained by using rheological phase reaction method. This material had small particle size, which was composed of grain size of about 100 nm. Especially, LiMn_0.98Y_0.02O₂ delivered the initial discharge capacity of about 191 mA h g⁻¹ at room temperature when cycled between 2.0 and 4.4 V vs Li/Li⁺. Moreover, it showed an excellent cycling behavior, its specific capacity remained above 173 mA h g⁻¹ after 20 cycles, and the material did not transform into spinel structure during the electrochemical cycling according to the cyclic voltammograms and X-ray powder diffraction. The electrochemical results revealed that the doping of Y³⁺ improved the performance of LiMnO₂ considerably.     

锂离子电池高比容量FeSn2-C复合负极材料的合成与性能

Sn基合金负极材料具有高达990 mAh·g^-1的理论比容量,但其也存在因脱嵌锂过程发生巨大的体积变化而导致循环性能较差的问题. 本文以Sn、Fe、石墨为原料利用简易的高能球磨法成功制备了具有核壳结构的FeSn₂-C复合物,系统研究了球磨时间、FeSn₂相含量对材料物相结构及电化学性能的影响,并分析了电极的失效机理. 研究表明,球磨时间的增加有利于FeSn₂金属间化合物相的形成及材料颗粒的细化,进而有利于材料比容量的增加及循环性能的提升;FeSn₂相含量的增加能够提高FeSn₂-C材料的比容量,但会降低FeSn₂-C电极的循环稳定性. 经工艺优化及组分调节,球磨24 h合成的Sn₂₀Fe₁₀C₇₀材料具有最优的电化学性能,材料的比容量在540 mAh·g^-1左右,并能稳定循环100次,是一种非常有发展前途的锂离子电池高比容量负极材料.     

1,3-二氧戊环基LiCF3SO3电解液对锂硫电池正极材料单质硫的电化学性能影响

测试了二元和多元溶剂组分的1,3-二氧戊环基LiCF3SO3电解液的粘度、离子电导率和单质硫的溶解度. 研究结果表明, 由较强的给电子能力溶剂组成的低粘度电解液较容易提高单质硫的氧化还原反应活性和可逆性能, 有利于提高单质硫在2.10 V附近的低放电平台电位和放电比容量. DOL-DME LiCF3SO3电解液能够较好地改善单质硫电极的表面钝化层结构, 促进电活性物质离子扩散和降低界面电荷传递阻抗, 从而表现出很好的放电倍率特性. 在室温下充放电流密度分别为0.1和0.2 mA/cm2时, 单质硫的首次放电比容量为792 mA·h/g, 第29次放电比容量达到412 mA·h/g.     

二硫化锡基钠离子电池负极材料的研究进展

二硫化锡由于其理论容量高、氧化还原电位合适，而成为钠离子电池负极材料的研究热点之一。从纯二硫化锡、二硫化锡/碳复合物和二硫化锡/石墨烯复合物等3个方面对二硫化锡负极材料在近5年的发展进行了概述。