酶提取-单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱法分析樱桃番茄纳米银颗粒及其吸收规律研究

为探究复合保鲜涂膜中AgNPs的迁移情况,采用酶提取的前处理方式,结合单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱（SP-ICP-MS）,考察了前处理方式、驻留时间、校准方式以及Ag+浓度等条件对AgNPs准确测定的影响。结果表明：0.1 g樱桃番茄样品在柠檬酸盐体系下使用0.2 g的R-10离析酶可达到消解最适酶剂量;当驻留时间小于100 μs时,测定结果有较好的积分条件以及较高的信背比;采用AgNP尺寸方式进行校准比单独用Ag+标准溶液校准方式的颗粒尺寸测定结果更加准确。采用该方法测定樱桃番茄中加标AgNPs颗粒回收率达到88.9%,粒径实测值为47.8±0.3 nm,粒径检出限为13 nm,颗粒浓度检出限为 7.5×104 particles/L。通过将樱桃番茄暴露于AgNPs涂膜中来探究AgNPs迁移行为,复合保鲜涂膜后的樱桃番茄通过三次洗涤后能够在表面去除大部分AgNPs,但仍有少量AgNPs穿过果表皮浸入果肉组织。该方法灵敏度高,操作简单,能够为揭示AgNPs在农产品及农业生产中的风险提供可靠、准确的表征方法。     

薄板弯曲问题的复合傅里叶级数方法

解析方法与数值方法有效融合是提高计算效能的重要途径．提出薄板弯曲问题的复合傅里叶级数方法．它以解析方法为融合基体,数值方法为融合增强相,是一种新的融合模式．在这种新的融合模式中,傅里叶级数解析解作为变形场的连续表现形式,摆脱了载荷形式和边界条件的强烈依赖性,表现出良好的收敛性态．     

Study on resistance coefficient in compound channels

This paper presents a further study of the Manning and Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficients, as they play a significant role in assessing the cross-sectional mean velocity, conveyance capacity and determining the lateral distribution of depth mean velocity and local boundary shear stress in compound channels. The relationships between the local, zonal and overall resistance coefficients, and a wide range of geometries and different roughness between the main channel and the flood plain are established by analyzing a vast amount of experimental data from a British Science and Engineering Research Council Flood Channel Facility (SERC-FCF). And the experimental results also show that the overall Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient for a compound channel is the function of Reynolds number, but the function relationship is different from that for a single channel. By comparing and analyzing the conventional methods with the experimental data to predict composite roughness in compound channels, it is found that these methods are not suitable for compound channels. Moreover, the reason why the conventional methods can not assess correctly the conveyance capacity of compound channels is also analyzed in this paper.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50279024), the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (973 Program) (2003CB415202) and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20030610039)The English text was polished by Ron Marshall     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定镍钴锰三元氢氧化物中铅

研究了用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定镍钴锰三元素氢氧化物中铅含量的测定方法。选择了仪器的最佳测量条件、元素测定的质量数,进行了基体元素的干扰等实验。方法测定结果准确、可靠,测定下限小于0.00005%,样品加标回收率在99.2%~101.0%。方法的建立为控制镍钴锰三元素氢氧化物中铅提供了检测依据。     

Mechanical properties of oriented low‐density polyethylene with an oriented lamellar‐stack morphology

A quantitative study was undertaken of the anisotropy of low‐strain mechanical behavior for specially oriented polyethylene with controlled crystalline and lamellar orientation. The samples were prepared by the die drawing of injection‐molded rods of polyethylene and annealing. This produced a parallel lamellar structure for which a simple, three‐dimensional composite laminate model could be used to calculate the expected anisotropy. Experimental data, including X‐ray strain measurements of the lateral crystalline elastic constants, showed good quantitative agreement with the model prediction. The X‐ray strain measurements confirmed that the amorphous regions exert large constraints on the crystalline phase in the lateral directions, where an order of magnitude difference was found between the measured apparent lateral crystalline compliances in the lamellar‐stack sample and the expected values for a perfect crystal. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 755–764, 2000     

Novel molecularly hybridized polyethylene/silica composite materials: Polymerization of ethylene with supported titanocenes by mesoporous silicates

A novel molecularly hybridized polyethylene/silica composite thin film was obtained by the gas‐phase polymerization of ethylene with a titanocene‐mounted mesoporous silica layer on a mica plate with mesoscopic pores arranged on the film surface. However, the use of titanocene‐mounted hexagonal domains of mesoporous silica on a glass plate for the gas‐phase polymerization of ethylene resulted in the formation of an islanded polyethylene/silica hybridized material. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4821–4825, 2000     

Response of protonic acid‐doped poly(o‐anisidine)/poly(vinyl alcohol) composites to relative humidity and role of dopant anions

Various protonated poly(o‐anisidine) (PoAN)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites were prepared with different types of acids: sulfuric (SA), p‐toluene sulfonic (TSA), camphor sulfonic (CSA), and p‐dodecylbenzene sulfonic (DBSA). In the visible spectrum of each composite in dimethyl sulfoxide, three absorption peaks were observed at 440, 620, and 860 nm. The peaks at 440 and 860 nm, which were enhanced with the increasing content of acid‐doped PoAN in the PVA matrix, were attributed to the radical cation and localized polaron generated in the conducting polymer. However, the peak at 620 nm was ascribed to the emeraldine base (EB) form of PoAN; that is, a portion of the acid was detached from the conducting polymer to form EB‐PoAN and free acid. The linear dependence of the logarithmic electrical conductivity on the variation of humidity, which was observed for all the composites, was caused by the salt–base transition of the conducting polymer, that is, by the movement of free acid between the active sites of the conducting polymer and the strongly bound water existing in PVA, which in turn depended directly on the environmental humidity. The response time of the composites to humidity was shortened with a decrease in the size of the dopant anions: DBSA > CSA > TSA > SA. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4343–4352, 2000     

A novel gas sensor from polymer‐grafted carbon black: responsiveness of electric resistance of conducting composite from LDPE and PE‐b‐PEO‐grafted carbon black in various vapors

The composite of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) filled with carbon black (CB) having high dispersibility and stability was successfully obtained by the use of poly(ethylene‐block‐ethylene oxide) (PE‐b‐PEO)‐grafted CB. The response of the electric resistance of the composite against solvent vapors was examined. The electric resistance drastically increased by 10⁴–10⁶ times the initial resistance in a nonpolar solvent vapor such as cyclohexane, and carbon tetrachloride vapor at 40 °C and returned immediately to its initial resistance when the composite was transferred to dry air. However, the electric resistance increased only several times in the polar solvent vapor, such as water and alcohol, at the same temperature. The responsiveness of electric resistance is excellently reproducible and is also stable in cyclohexane vapor and dry air. The effect of temperature on the responsiveness against cyclohexane vapor is also discussed. It is concluded that the composite of LDPE filled with PE‐b‐PEO‐grafted CB could be a promising material to use when preparing gas sensors. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云南东川区域重金属环境暴露健康风险评价

以云南省昆明市东川主要河流及附近土壤、植物为研究对象,对其进行采样分析,并根据美国环境保护署(U.S.EPA)推荐健康风险评价方法对东川流域多种环境因素进行了重金属的健康风险评价。结果表明,水环境中致癌物质造成的风险最大,风险值在2.35×10^(-4)~8.27×10^(-4),达到U.S.EPA推荐的最大值10^(-4),植物根部的健康风险值为0.40×10^(-1)~7.00×10^(-1),茎叶部分的风险值为2.42×10^(-2)~15.24×10^(-2),根部存在的重金属对人体的健康风险约为茎叶部分的5倍;土壤中非致癌物质的健康风险影响较大,总健康风险值区间为0.64×10^(-1)~3.83×10^(-1)。评价结果可为该区域地表水、土壤和植物资源的污染治理、保护开发提供依据。     

碳纳米管增强镍基复合镀层的形貌及摩擦磨损行为研究

利用碳纳米管作为增强相制备了镍基复合镀层 ,并对其表面形貌和摩擦磨损性能进行了探讨 .结果表明 :碳纳米管均匀地嵌镶于基体中 ,且端头露出 ,覆盖于基体表面 ;镍基复合镀层具有优良的耐磨性和自润滑性 ,可以显著改善金属表面的耐磨和减摩性能 ;复合镀层优良的耐磨和减摩性能归因于碳纳米管的超强超韧特性和自润滑性能 ,碳纳米管以网络和缠绕形态分布于复合镀层基体中 ,使复合镀层在摩擦磨损过程中不易脱落拨出