溶胶-凝胶法固定化酶的问题与解决途径

综述了溶胶-凝胶固定化酶由于凝胶化时间过长，凝胶孔径偏小以及凝胶机械强度低等问题的存在引起酶构象改变、屏蔽，底物与产物的扩散速率慢以及酶与底物的不易接触。并提出了相应的解决办法：选择适宜的前驱体及固定化条件可以缩短凝胶化时间；加入聚乙二醇改性剂、非表面活性剂模板剂可以调大凝胶的孔径；微波快速干燥。加入添加剂则可以提高凝胶的机械强度。同时也提出可以避免酶变性的其他一些途径，如对凝胶老化阶段的特殊处理，选择合适的缓冲液等。     

A Study of the Hydrolysis of Waste Paper Cellulose with a Vertically Hanging Immobilized Cellulase Reactor and the Reuse of the Immobilized Cellulase

A commercialized cellulase from Trichoderma reesei has been successfully immobilized by using calcium alginate gel in our laboratory. The waste paper cellulose was hydrolyzed with a special design of the reactor to form a vertically hanging immobilized cellulase under the optimum conditions of pH 4.0 and 45 °C. Glucose, cellobiose and xylose are the major hydrolysis products. The glucose production from the hydrolysis with the vertically hanging immobilized cellulase was about 1.73‐fold better than the freely suspended immobilized cellulase. The average diameter of the immobilized cellulase pellets was 4.190 ± 0.291 mm. UV light irradiation deactivates the activity of the immobilized cellulase. The advantage of the vertically hanging immobilized cellulase reactor is an easy recycle and reuse of the immobilized cellulase. Washing and soaking the recycled immobilized cellulase with distilled water for one day can restore its activity to a small extent. Overall, the application of the hanging immobilized cellulase reactor for waste paper cellulose hydrolysis is successful.     

聚ε-己内酯的微米硅球固定化猪胰脂肪酶促合成

本文采用微米硅球固定化猪胰脂肪酶为催化剂合成聚ε-己内酯, 以期获得具有较高分子量、 良好生物相容性和使用安全性的生物可降解医用高分子材料.     

用于固定抗体的新型温敏性核—壳结构聚合物微球的合成及其初步应用研究

利用无皂乳液聚合和种子聚合的方法合成了一种以聚苯乙烯为核,聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-N-丙烯酸琥珀酰亚胺酯)为壳的单分散的核-壳结构的聚合物微球.用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了球的形貌特征,发现微球具有清晰的核-壳结构和较好的单分散性,红外光谱显示了在1738cm-1处有酯羰基的特征吸收峰.动态光散射测定发现该聚合物微球具有温敏性,当温度高于聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的最低临界溶液温度(LCST)时,球的流体力学直径变小.利用微球壳层所含有的琥珀酰亚胺酯基与伯氨基的高反应活性,将抗体Rabbit IgG化学固定在球的壳层上.由于壳层的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺具有温敏性,反应温度不同结合的抗体的量也不同,在0℃和36.5℃,微球对抗体的结合率分别为61.6%和38.6%.     

茂锆金属配合物在介孔分子筛MCM-41上的接枝研究

茂锆金属配合物在介孔分子筛MCM-41上共价接技的合成和表征研究，以纯硅的MCM-41为载体，首先用四氯化硅与之反应在MCM-41的表面生成一定量的Cl：Si-OSi(O—Si≡)3基团，然后再用过量的三甲基氯硅烷保护分子筛表面剩余的硅羟基，接下来再让所得材料依次和环戊二烯基钠、正丁基锂、四氯化锆反应，从而通过在同一个反应瓶中经过五步连续合成的方法，得到了二氯二茂锆共价接枝于介孔分子筛MCM-41表面的有机无机复合材料．用XRD、^29Si和^13C MAS NMR、氮气吸附-脱附孔径分析、IR光谱等手段对所得样品进行了表征，并与用担载方法获得的二氯二茂锆固载化于MCM-41之中的样品进行了对比分析研究．     

聚乙烯醇固载β-环糊精线性高聚物的合成及其药物控制释放研究

利用缩醛化反应将醛基化 β 环糊精 (β CD)固载到聚乙烯醇 (PVA)大分子链上 ,合成出了聚乙烯醇固载 β 环糊精 (PVA β CD)的线性环糊精高分子 ,其最佳反应条件是反应时间 2h ,温度 70℃ ,β CD 6 CHO与PVA的质量比小于等于 4∶1.采用红外光谱及核磁共振表征了该聚合物的分子结构 .通过研究PVA β CD与模型药物喜树碱 (CPT)的包合作用 ,对不同环糊精固载量的PVA β CD膜在不同pH值下的药物释放机理进行了探讨 .结果表明 ,PVA β CD因包合增溶作用促进了水难溶性药物的释放 .     

A Study of Synthesis, Immobilization and Catalytic Capability of Metalloporphyrin

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Carrier-bound biologically active substances and their applications

Stable catalysts can be obtained by fixation of enzymes on suitable supports. The principal methods for their preparation and their properties are described. The use of supported enzymes in routine biochemical analysis as “insoluble reagents” for automatic analyzers and for enzyme electrodes appears particularly interesting. For preparative transformations and syntheses, the supported enzymes offer the advantage that many processes that were formerly operated batch-wise can be run continuously to give protein-free products. The use of supported proteinases as specific adsorbents provides a simple method for the isolation of various naturally occurring inhibitors. This principle, which is the basis of affinity chromatography, has now also been adapted to the purification of enzymes and other biologically active substances on suitable supported effectors.     

固定化有机改进剂RP－HPLC固定相的研究

通过在ＲＰＨＰＬＣ固定相Ｃ１８表面键合氨基硅烷，引入氨基基团，将有机改进剂固定至硅胶键合相表面，克服了固定相表面硅羟基对含氮有机化合物的不可逆吸附。以最简单的ＣＨ３ＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ洗脱体系即能获得含氮有机和的最佳分离，从而可简化分离操作，提高柱寿命，降低分离成本。     

Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in waters using immobilized moss and determination by ICP-MS and FAAS

The possibility of using moss (Funaria hygrometrica), immobilized in a polysilicate matrix as substrate for speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in various water samples has been investigated. Experiments were performed to optimize conditions such as pH, amount of sorbent and flow rate, to achieve the quantitative separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). During all the steps of the separation process, Cr(III) was selectively sorbed on the column of immobilized moss in the pH range of 4-8 while, Cr(VI) was found to remain in solution. The retained Cr(III) was subsequently eluted with 10 ml of 2 mol l⁻¹ HNO₃. A pre-concentration factor of about 20 was achieved for Cr(III) when, 200 ml of water was passed. The immobilized moss was packed in a home made mini-column and incorporated in flow injection system for obtaining calibration plots for both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) at low ppb levels that were compared with the plots obtained without column. After separation, the chromium (Cr) species were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The sorption capacity of the immobilized moss was found to be ∼11.5 mg g⁻¹ for Cr(III). The effect of various interfering ions has also been studied. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in spiked and real wastewater samples and recoveries were found to be >95%.