KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF PHASE TRANSFER CATALYZED FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL ACRYLATE

The kinetics of free radical polymerization of methylacrylate (MA) was investigated using benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC) as phase transfer catalyst and potassium peroxydisulfate as initiator at aconstant temperature, 60°C, in an inert atmosphere under unstirred condition. The effect of concentrations of the monomer, initiator and the catalyst on polymerization was discussed and a mechanism of polymerization has been proposed. The order with respect to the monomer, initiator, and phase transfer catalyst was found to be 2, 0.5, and 0.5, respectively.     

Active Pd/Fe(OH)x catalyst preparation for nitrobenzene hydrogenation by tracing aqueous phase chlorine concentrations in the washing step of catalyst precursors

By tracing the chlorine concentrations in the aqueous solutions containing the catalyst precursors, Pd/Fe(OH)_x catalysts with different activities can be controllably prepared. For the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, the active Pd/Fe(OH)_x catalysts were obtained from aqueous solutions with chlorine concentrations below 18 ppm and above 8 ppm.     

Facile One-Pot Method for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Phthalide Derivatives

A new three-component cyclization method is described involving two starting materials, ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate and aldehydes, catalyzed by piperidine, acid, and iodine. Ten corresponding polysubstituted phthalides are formed with good yields (44–78%). A mechanism of the reaction is also proposed.     

Catalyst free,base free microwave irradiated synthesis of aryl nitrites from potassium aryltrifluoroborates and bismuth nitrate

A mixture of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and potassium aryltrifluoroborate in toluene under microwave heating at 120 °C for 20 min provides an interesting and mild reaction protocol for the synthesis of aryl nitrite. The conversion to aryl nitrites from aryltrifluoroborates without transition metal catalyst and base in high yields is remarkable.     

Simple and practical method for selective acylation of primary hydroxy group catalyzed by N-methyl-2-phenylimidazole (Ph-NMI) or 2-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles (Ph-IBT)

N-Methyl-2-phenylimidazole (Ph-NMI) and 2-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles (Ph-IBT) catalyzed selective acylation of primary alcohols using acid anhydrides. The Ph-NMI- or Ph-IBT-catalyzed reaction using (PhCO)₂O as an acylating agent could particularly acylate the primary hydroxy group of 1,n-diols (n ⩾ 3) with a high, synthetically useful selectivity.     

苯氧乙酰基四羰基钴催化亚胺与一氧化碳交替共聚反应合成多肽类聚合物简

报道了一种新的苯氧乙酰基四羰基钴催化剂,并将其用于催化亚胺与一氧化碳的交替共聚反应. 1H NMR分析结果表明,该催化剂在1个大气压的CO气氛下以烷基钴和酰基钴平衡的形式存在. 催化反应结果表明,该催化剂具有良好的催化性能,可以得到具有较高分子量、N端为苯氧乙酰基的多肽类聚合物,且具有较窄的分子量分布. 利用核磁共振\,红外光谱和质谱等对多肽聚合物的结构进行了表征,结果表明,聚合物链终止端除了具有慕尼黑酮类结构的端基以外,还存在酰胺类的端基,并对后者的生成机制进行了解释.     

The Process of Acetonitrile Synthesis over γ-Al2O3 Promoted by Phosphoric Acid Catalysts

The influence of principal parameters (reaction temperature, ratio of acetic acid and ammonia, composition of reactionary mixture and promotion of catalysts) on the selectivity and yield of the desired product was studied in the reaction of catalytic acetonitrile synthesis by ammonolysis of acetic acid. The processing of γ-Al₂O₃ by phosphoric acid increases amount of the centers, on which carries out reaction of acetamide dehydration. The kinetic model of a limiting stage of reaction – the acetamide dehydration to acetonitrile was suggested. In the process of ammonolysis of acetic acid it was demonstrated that the use of catalysts promoted by phosphoric acid and ratio NH₃:CH₃COOH=(3-4):1 at temperatures of a reactor 360-390°С leads to the increase of acetonitrile productivity to 0.7-0.8 g/cm³·h and allows to minimize formation of by-products.     

富氮多孔有机聚合物催化制备α⁃氰基肉桂酸乙酯

α-氰基肉桂酸乙酯作为含多种官能团的缺电子烯烃, 是一种极具应用价值的有机合成反应底物, 主要通过催化Knoevenagel缩合反应获得. 本文以多聚甲醛和三聚氰胺为前驱体, 采用溶剂热法制备富氮多孔有机聚合物mPMF, 经K₂CO₃处理得到K₂CO₃-mPMF-X(X=1, 10, 50). 考察了mPMF在苯甲醛和氰乙酸乙酯Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能, 通过mPMF与K₂CO₃-mPMF-X催化活性的比较, 探讨了碱性强弱对Knoevenagel缩合反应的影响, 并对催化反应机理进行了探索. 结果表明, 催化剂中丰富的氮物种为反应提供了碱性环境和大量的碱性活性位点, 催化剂碱性强弱的控制是催化合成α-氰基肉桂酸乙酯的关键因素. mPMF在甲醇溶剂中于60 ℃反应3 h后, 苯甲醛转化率为97%, 目标产物选择性在99.9%以上.     

Synthesis,design of experiments and optimization of heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of tartrazine by MgFe2O4 nano-catalyst

In this work, magnesium ferrites nanoparticles (MgFe₂O₄ NPs) were successfully fabricated by sol-gel auto-combustion (SGAC) method and were used in heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of tartrazine. The obtained products were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX. XRD studies confirmed that the synthesized MgFe₂O₄ NPs had a cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size was evaluated using the Debyee Scherrer formula and found to be in the range 16.18–28.55 nm. In FTIR spectra, two primary absorption bands at 571 cm^?1 and 415 cm^?1 were observed. The spinel ferrites are characterized by these bands and the EDX confirms the presence of the desired elements Mg, Fe, and O. The influences of operating parameters were examined using the Box Behnken statistical design (BD), including magnesium ferrite dosage (0.04–0.12 g/L), tartrazine concentration (30–50 mg/L) and H₂O₂ concentration (3.53–7.06 mM). Using analysis of variance, a significant quadratic model was created. Optimum conditions were magnesium ferrite dosage of 0.092 g/L, tartrazine concentration of 30.21 mg/L and H₂O₂ concentration of 6.66 mM, respectively. The predicted degradation efficiency within the optimum conditions as established by the suggested model was 98.4%. Confirmatory tests were carried out and the degradation efficiency of 98.9% was observed, which was in good agreement with the model's prediction. After five recuperation and reapplications, the catalyst's degradation efficiency remains stable. These findings indicate that a heterogeneous Fenton-like process utilizing MgFe₂O₄ is effective in advanced wastewater treatment.     

Pd nanoparticles on boron doped graphene catalyst for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide prepared by electroless deposition methodEI北大核心CSCD

Taking advantage of large conjugated structure and reductivity of boron-doped graphenethe palladium nanoparticles/boron-doped graphene catalyst was prepared by electroless deposition method using boron-doped graphene as reductant and stabilizer. The average size of palladium nanoparticles highly dispersed on the surface of boron-doped graphene was about 6.5 nm. The electrochemical sensor was prepared by modifying the as-formed catalyst on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. The obtained electrochemical sensor exhibited an excellent electrochemical catalytic activity for H2 O2 . It exhibited high sensitivity with the detection limit as low as 830 nmol/L and good linearity in the range of 2.5-300 μµmol/L for detection of H2 O2 . It could be utilized for the determination of H2 O2 in milk samples. © 2022, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.