微波辅助萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定大气可吸入颗粒物中痕量多环芳烃

建立了微波辅助萃取－气相色谱－质谱联用测定大气可吸入颗粒物中痕量多环芳烃（PAHs）的分析方法，优化了萃取时间、溶剂用量、微波辐射功率等微波萃取条件，并与超声波萃取方法进行了对照研究。结果表明：除了苊、芴外，微波萃取方法的回收率在85％－130％之间；方法的检出限在0.002-0.016μg/m^3之间。通过实际样品中PAHs的分析表明，该法快速、溶剂用量小，满足痕量分析的要求。     

Selenomethionine contents of NIST wheat reference materials

Values of the total selenium and selenomethionine (Semet) content of four wheat-based reference materials have been obtained by gas chromatography-stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods. The total Se method is an established one, and the results obtained with it are consistent with previously-assigned values. The Semet method (previously reported by our laboratory) is based on reaction with CNBr. Our data indicate that the four wheat samples (wheat gluten, durum wheat, hard red spring wheat, and soft winter wheat), though having a 30-fold range in total Se content, all have about 45% of their total Se values in the form of selenomethionine. Investigation of the CNBr-based method suggests that additional experiments are needed to verify that all selenomethionine in the wheat samples is accounted for, but also indicates that the values obtained are within 15% of the true values. As the form in which Se occurs in foods and dietary supplements is important from a nutritional perspective, adding information about Se speciation to total Se values in appropriate reference materials makes these materials more valuable in relevant analytical work.     

毛细管电泳质谱联用技术及其应用

本文介绍了用于毛细管电泳质谱联用仪器的多种接口技术，描述了ＣＺＥ，ＣＩＥＦ，ＣＧＥ，ＭＥＫＣ和ＣＩＴＰ等毛细管电泳技术和四极质谱，离子阱质谱，傅 叶变换离子回旋共振质谱，飞行时间质谱，磁质谱，解吸质谱等联用的现状及发展前景，对近年来ＣＥ－ＭＳ在酶解产物。蛋白质和肽，核苷酸，药物及代谢产物等领域中的应用作了详细述评。     

Feasibility of using solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for speciation analysis of volatile and non-volatile compounds of nickel and vanadium in crude oil

A method for the direct determination of volatile and non-volatile nickel and vanadium compounds in crude oil without previous treatment using direct solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is proposed. The crude oil samples were weighed directly onto solid sampling platforms using a microbalance and introduced into a transversely heated solid sampling graphite tube. In previous work of our group losses of volatile nickel and vanadium compounds have been detected, whereas other nickel and vanadium compounds were thermally stable up to 1300 and 1600 °C, respectively. In order to avoid this problem different chemical modifiers (conventional and permanent) have been investigated. With 400 μg of iridium as permanent modifier, the signal started to drop already after two atomization cycles, possibly because of an interaction of nickel (which is a catalyst poison) with iridium. Twenty micrograms of palladium applied in each determination was found to be optimum for both elements. The palladium was deposited on the platform and submitted to a drying step at 150 °C for 75 s. After that the sample was added onto the platform and submitted to the furnace program. The influence of sample mass on the linearity of the response and on potential measurement errors was also investigated using four samples with different nickel content. For the sample with the lowest nickel concentration the relationship between mass and integrated absorbance was found to be non-linear when a high sample mass was introduced. It was suspected that the modifier had not covered the entire platform surface, which resulted in analyte losses. This problem could be avoided by using 40 μL of 0.5 g L⁻¹ Pd with 0.05% Triton X-100. Calibration curves were established with and without modifier, with aqueous standards, oil-in-water emulsions and the certified reference material NIST SRM 1634c (trace metals in residual fuel oil). The sensitivity for aqueous standards and emulsions was close to that for SRM 1634c, making possible the use of aqueous standards for calibration. The limits of detection and quantification obtained for nickel and vanadium under this condition were found to be 0.02 and 0.06 μg g⁻¹, respectively, for both elements, based on 10 mg of sample. Nickel and vanadium were determined in the samples with (total Ni and V) and without the use of Pd (thermally stable compounds), and the concentration of volatile compounds was calculated by difference. The results were compared with those obtained by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry by emulsion technique; no significant differences were found for total Ni and V at the 95% confidence level according to a Student's t-test.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定油炸淀粉类食品中的丙烯酰胺

 建立了油炸淀粉类食品中丙烯酰胺的溴衍生化气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定方法。样品经水提取、高速离心、石墨化 炭黑柱净化、溴衍生化后,以GC-MS选择离子进行定性,同位素稀释技术定量。该方法的检出限为5 μg/kg,回收率为90％ ～105％,相对标准偏差为6.3％。利用该方法对市场上某些油炸淀粉类食品进行了初步测定,发现薯片和炸薯条中含有27 8~4518 μg/kg的丙烯酰胺。     

喷气燃料中悬浮物有机成分的气相色谱/质谱分析

本文研究了喷气燃料中悬浮物有机成分的分离和定性分析。先通过孔径0.025μm的微孔滤膜过滤分离出喷气燃料中的悬浮物,依次用正己烷和二氯甲烷提取悬浮物中的有机成分,再利用气相色谱/质谱联用技术对悬浮物的正己烷相溶液和二氯甲烷相溶液进行定性分析,共检测出了2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、1,2-二氧芑-3-乙酸,6-十六烷基-3,6-二氢-6-甲氧基-甲基酯、5-甲基-5H-苯并[23-c]咔唑等47种成分,为研究悬浮物的形成机理提供了实验依据。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中草药中的微量铅

采用水煎煮法提取中草药,HNO3-H2O2密闭消解体系消解样品,应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中草药及其提取液中的微量铅;优化了仪器工作及实验条件,荧光强度与Pb质量浓度在0.49～400 μg/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数:0.9996,检出限:0.49 μg/L;发现部分提取液中Pb量比原中草药样品中Pb量有明显降低.     

固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱分析大米中氟草烟残留

试样采用NaOH-甲醇溶液提取,经EASY柱固相萃取净化后,以甲醇为衍生剂,浓硫酸为催化剂,在93~98℃水浴条件下酯化后,以DB-5 MS柱为分离柱,气相色谱-质谱联用测定。试验结果表明,氟草烟质量浓度为0.05~2 mg/L时,与相应的峰面积或丰度成良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 6;添加质量浓度为0.050 0~0.200 mg/kg时,回收率为81%~98%,该法检出限为0.01 mg/kg。     

密闭微波消解-冷原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜中的痕量汞

采用硝酸和过氧化氢体系,密闭微波消解,冷原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜中的痕量汞,选择0.3g/L硼氢化钾溶液为还原剂,硝酸溶液(1 99)为酸介质。测定结果表明汞浓度在0~1μg/L范围线性良好,相关系数大于0.9990,汞的加标回收率为90.2%~99.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于4%,检出限为0.0058μg/L。