盐酸美金刚联合盐酸多奈哌齐对中重度阿尔茨海默病患者精神行为症状的疗效观察

目的评价盐酸美金刚联合盐酸多奈哌齐对阿尔茨海默病(AD)伴发精神行为症状(BPSD)的疗效及安全性.方法将符合标准的80例AD患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组40例,治疗组患者服用盐酸美金刚和盐酸多奈哌齐,对照组患者单用盐酸多奈哌齐.盐酸美金刚起始剂量为5mg/d,每周递增5 mg ,4周末增至20mg/d;盐酸多奈哌齐起始剂量为5mg/d,4周末增至10mg/d;观察12周.治疗前及治疗12周末,分别采用痴呆行为量表(BEHAVE-AD)评价精神行为症状、日常生活能力量表(ADL)判定患者日常生活活动能力、临床总体印象量表(CGI)评定患者总体变化情况.结果治疗12周末,研究组BEHAVE-AD减分较对照组更显著(8.1±3.30,9.2±2.80,t=-3.317,P<0.01), ADL减分更显著(28.1±2.35,29.3±2.63,t=2.097,P<0.05),CGI评分分别为(3.43±0.82和4.37±0.85),差异有统计学意义(t=-5.413,P<0.01).结论盐酸美金刚联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗BPSD的疗效优于单用盐酸多奈哌齐.     

蓬莱出土古代青铜器锈蚀产物的显微喇曼光谱分析

首次运用显微喇曼光谱(RM)技术,对山东省蓬莱市登州博物馆馆藏古代青铜器的锈蚀产物进行分析,发现锈蚀产物的成分比较复杂,主要有蓝铜矿、孔雀石、氯铜矿、副氯铜矿、白铅矿、黄铅矾及方解石。证实该馆多数青铜器上白绿色粉状锈蚀产物为氯铜矿及副氯铜矿的混合物,是引发“青铜病”的重要隐患,所以,对这批青铜器进行科学的保护处理迫在眉睫。     

原子吸收光谱法测定5种中草药中K、Cr和Cu的含量

分析中草药中金属元素K、Cr、Cu的含量.选取丹参、当归、党参、鱼腥草和银杏叶5种治疗呼吸系统疾病的中草药,采用湿法消化(HNO3、HClO4),用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别测定K、Cr、Cu的含量.测量结果表明,鱼腥草中金属元素含量丰富,丹参中K、Cr以及党参的Cu元素在5种中草药中含量最低,鱼腥草中K、Cr、Cu的含量最高,分别为3654.8125±20.9367μg/g、35.0667±0.8872μg/g、102.1475±9.6936μg/g,丹参中K、Cr的含量最低,分别为3334.0000±31.6465μg/g、2.3012±0.2701μg/g,党参中Cu元素含量最低,是44.8250±0.7823μg/g.在5种中草药中K的含量大小顺序为:鱼腥草＞当归＞银杏叶＞党参＞丹参,Cr元素含量大小顺序为:鱼腥草＞当归＞党参＞银杏叶＞丹参,Cu元素含量大小顺序为:鱼腥草＞当归＞丹参＞银杏叶＞党参.各种中草药中金属元素的含量有一定差异(P＜0.05).结论:本实验结果提供了中草药丹参、当归、党参、鱼腥草和银杏叶中金属元素含量的数据,为探讨中草药中金属元素与治疗呼吸系统疾病的关系以及临床上合理有效使用药物提供了科学的依据.     

Rational design and biomedical applications of DNA-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles

In this review, we mainly introduced recent progress of DNA-functionalized upconversion materials, providing an overview of the design and applications in biosensing, bioimaging and disease therapy. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed, aiming to promote their applications in materials science and biomedicine.     

天然螯合微肥增效作用及机理的研究

目前由人工合成的有机螯合微量元素肥料，因价格昂贵不能在农业生产中广泛应用。本研究采用丰富廉价的有机肥料，经转化提取的天然螯合剂与微量元素螯合研制的天然螯合微肥，在多种作物上施用，证明能促进作物对Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ和Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ等微量元素的吸收。明显提高作物的产量，改善品质，并不同程度地提高作物的抗病能力．     

Clinical Relevance of [18F]Florbetaben and [18F]FDG PET/CT Imaging on the Management of Patients with Dementia

PET of β-Amyloid plaques (Aβ) using [¹⁸F]florbetaben ([¹⁸F]FBB) and [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) increasingly aid clinicians in early diagnosis of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate clinical relevance of [¹⁸F]FBB, [¹⁸F]FDG PET and complimentary CSF measurements in patients with suspected dementia. In this study, 40 patients with clinically suspected or history of dementia underwent (1) measurement of Aβ peptides, total tau, and p-tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared with healthy controls (HC); (2) clinical and neuropsychological assessment, which included Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological assessment battery (CERAD-NAB); (3) [¹⁸F]FBB and [¹⁸F]FDG PET imaging within an average of 3 weeks. The subjects were within 15 days stratified using PET, CSF measurements as HC, mild cognitive impaired (MCI) and dementia including Alzheimer´s disease. The predictive dementia-related cognitive decline values were supporting the measurements. PET images were evaluated visually and quantitatively using standard uptake value ratios (SUVR). Twenty-one (52.5%) subjects were amyloid-positive (Aβ+), with a median neocortical SUVR of 1.80 for AD versus 1.20 relative to the respective 19 (47.5 %) amyloid-negative (Aβ-) subjects. Moreover, the [¹⁸F]FDG and [¹⁸F]FBB confirmed within a sub-group of 10 patients a good complimentary role by correlation between amyloid pathology and brain glucose metabolism in 8 out of 10 subjects. The results suggest the clinical relevance for [¹⁸F]FBB combined with [¹⁸F]FDG PET retention and CFS measurements serving the management of our patients with dementia. Therefore, [¹⁸F]FBB combined with [¹⁸F]FDG PET is a helpful tool for differential diagnosis, and supports the patients’ management as well as treatment.     

截短新型冠状病毒N蛋白在荧光层析法上的应用

基于截短新型冠状病毒(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)N蛋白和全长N蛋白,采用荧光免疫层析技术,建立了一种高灵敏度快速评价新型冠状病毒肺炎患者体内SARS-CoV-2抗体水平的方法。以荧光微球为标记物制备试纸条,进行阴性和阳性检测并选出较优抗原配对组合。初步评价了其精密度与稳定性,并与已上市的检测方法进行对比。根据阴性和阳性检测结果优选截短N蛋白标记,全长N蛋白包被组合,所建立的方法可以在 15 min内完成SARS-CoV-2抗体水平的检测,能够有效区分阴阳性,批内精密度CV为3.48%~10.05%,批间精密度CV为4.77%~11.73%。试纸条在37 ℃条件下能够稳定保存21 d,与胶体金检测法一致性较好,总符合率为96.13%,阳性符合率为90.63%,阴性符合率为97.56%。该研究基于截短N蛋白初步建立的荧光免疫层析检测方法能有效评价患者体内的SARS-CoV-2抗体水平,具有良好的精密度和稳定性,便于在基层医疗单位推广,有较好的应用前景。     

Anti-inflammatory Glycocalyx-Mimicking Nanoparticles for Colitis Treatment: Construction and In Vivo Evaluation

Common medications for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have limited therapeutic efficacy and severe adverse effects. This underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches that can effectively target inflamed sites in the gastrointestinal tract upon oral administration, exerting potent therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic effects. Here, we report the construction and in vivo therapeutic evaluation of a library of anti-inflammatory glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles (designated GlyNPs) in a mouse model of IBD. The anti-inflammatory GlyNP library was created by attaching bilirubin (BR) to a library of glycopolymers composed of random combinations of the five most naturally abundant sugars. Direct in vivo screening of 31 BR-attached anti-inflammatory GlyNPs via oral administration into mice with acute colitis led to identification of a candidate GlyNP capable of targeting macrophages in the inflamed colon and effectively alleviating colitis symptoms. These findings suggest that the BR-attached GlyNP library can be used as a platform to identify anti-inflammatory nanomedicines for various inflammatory diseases.     

Computational and theoretical modeling of intermediate filament networks: Structure, mechanics and disease

Intermediate filaments,in addition to microtubules and actin microfilaments,are one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells.It was discovered during the recent decades that in most cells,intermediate filament proteins play key roles to reinforce cells subjected to large-deformation,and that they participate in signal transduction,and it was proposed that their nanomechanical properties are critical to perform those functions.However,it is still poorly understood how the nanoscopic structure,as well as the combination of chemical composition,molecular structure and interfacial properties of these protein molecules contribute to the biomechanical properties of filaments and filament networks.Here we review recent progress in computational and theoretical studies of the intermediate filaments network at various levels in the protein’s structure.A multiple scale method is discussed,used to couple molecular modeling with atomistic detail to larger-scale material properties of the networked material.It is shown that a finer-trains-coarser methodology as discussed here provides a useful tool in understanding the biomechanical property and disease mechanism of intermediate filaments,coupling experiment and simulation.It further allows us to improve the understandingof associated disease mechanisms and lays the foundation for engineering the mechanical properties of biomaterials.     

低空遥感平台下可见光与多光谱传感器在水稻纹枯病病害评估中的效果对比研究

高效无损地评估农作物病害等级,对于实际农业生产和研究都具有重要意义。研究探讨了基于低空无人机遥感平台进行水稻纹枯病病害等级评估的可行性,分析可见光与多光谱传感器的光谱响应差异及其对感病水稻光谱反射率获取的影响,并定量对比两种传感器的病害监测效果。实验研究区由67个不同品种的水稻小区组成,每块小区均分为相接的纹枯病接种区和侵染区。以大疆精灵Phantom 3 Advanced小型消费级无人机作为搭载平台,分别搭载该无人机系统自带的可见光传感器和MicasenseRedEdgeTM多光谱传感器获取遥感影像。同时,通过植保专家现场调查的方式识别病害等级,并利用Trimble公司的手持式NDVI测量仪获取实测NDVI值。基于影像拼接、波段叠合、辐射校正后的预处理结果,对可见光图像的接种区和侵染区共134个小区计算七种可见光植被指数,即NDI（normalized difference index）, ExG（excess green）, ExR（excess red）, ExG-ExR,B*,G*,R*,多光谱图像除上述可见光指数外再计算NDVI（normalized difference vegetation index）, RVI（ratio vegetation index）和NDWI（normalized difference water Index）三种多光谱植被指数。将计算得到的图像植被指数与地面实测NDVI进行相关性分析,以选取两种传感器的最优图像植被指数建立水稻纹枯病病害等级反演模型。相关性分析结果表明,基于多光谱传感器计算的图像NDVI与实测NDVI拟合度最高,接种区R2为0.914,RMSE为0.024,侵染区R2为0.863,RMSE为0.024。对于可见光传感器,NDI与实测NDVI的相关性最好,接种区R2为0.875,RMSE为0.011,侵染区R2为0.703,RMSE为0.014。比较两种传感器两种区域的同一图像植被指数与实测NDVI的一致性,除B*外,NDI,ExR,ExG-ExR,G*,ExG,R*与实测NDVI基本属于高度相关,在病害严重的接种区,两种传感器对水稻纹枯病的监测效果相近,但在病害相对较轻的侵染区,多光谱传感器的监测更为精确灵敏。基于多光谱图像NDVI建立的病害等级反演模型,R2达到0.624,RMSE为0.801,预测精度达到90.04%,模型效果良好。而基于可见光图像NDI建立的反演模型,R2为0.580,RMSE为0.847,预测精度为89.45%,效果稍差。对比分析可见光与多光谱传感器的光谱响应曲线,可见光传感器可获取可见光范围的红、绿、蓝三个波段,波段范围互相重叠,多光谱传感器包含五个成像单元,可独立获取从可见光到近红外的五个窄波光谱波段,提供更加准确的光谱信息。比较传感器获取的接种区和侵染区水稻平均反射率曲线得出,多光谱传感器不仅在可见光波段反映了较可见光传感器更强的差异,在红边和近红外波段差异则更加明显,这说明专业窄波段传感器在病害监测方面较宽波段消费级传感器更有优势。综上所述,基于可见光与多光谱传感器的低空无人机遥感平台进行水稻纹枯病病害等级评估是可行的,多光谱传感器精确灵敏,可用于纹枯病的早期监测,可见光传感器效果稍差但经济易于推广。研究结果为病虫害防治提供决策支持,有助于推动实现精准农业,保障粮食安全。