CONTROLLING THE 3D NANOSCALE ORGANIZATION OF BULK HETEROJUNCTION POLYMER SOLAR CELLS

In this study,the three dimensional nanoscale organization in the photoactive layers of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a methanofullerene derivative (PCBM) is revealed by transmission electron tomography.After annealing treatment,either at elevated temperature or during slow solvent evaporation,nanoscale interpenetrating networks are formed with high crystalline order and favorable concentration gradients of both components through the thickness of the photoactive layer.Such a tailored morphology acco...     

纺织品与食品包装材料中烷基酚及双酚A迁移量的液相色谱-串联质谱分析

建立了纺织品与食品包装材料中烷基酚及双酚A迁移量的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.纺织品和食品包装材料浸泡液经Supelclean Envi-Carb石墨化碳黑固相萃取柱净化,以Waters XBridge C_(18)(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm)色谱柱分离后,进行LC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下的定性及定量分析.烷基酚和双酚A在纺织品模拟汗液、食品模拟物介质中特定迁移量的定量下限分别为2、4 μg/kg.在低、中、高3个添加水平下,测得纺织品样品的回收率为83%～91%,相对标准偏差为4.1%～9.0%;食品包装材料样品的回收率为82%～94%,相对标准偏差为3.9%～8.7%.     

ICP-MS法测定陶瓷食品包装容器中的重金属

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定了陶瓷食品包装容器中的重金属元素铅、镉、铬、钴、镍、锌、锑,并对影响测量的各因素进行了详细的研究。该方法的检出限为0.002～0.18 μg·L-1,加标回收率为95.8%～104.4%,相对标准偏差为1.1%～3.3%。该方法快速、简便、具有较好的准确度和精密度,对进出品陶瓷制品的日常检验提供了依据。     

微波消解ICP-MS测定铝塑包装材料中的Pb,Cr,Cd和As含量

通过微波消解法对铝塑包装材料的前处理方法进行了深入的研究,考虑了5种不同的消解试剂组合以及不同的浓度配比关系对铝塑包装材料消解效果的影响,并对消解现象产生的可能性原因进行了简单的分析,结果发现硫酸-硝酸试剂组合消解效果最佳,正交试验结果表明试剂组合的最佳配比为1∶7.随后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了铝塑包装材料中的Pb,Cr,Cd和As,各元素仪器检出限依次为0.215,0.067,0.006和0.020 ng·mL-1,线性相关系数在0.999 5以上;2#试样进行加标回收试验,回收率在83.8%~111.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.5%~7.4%之间;5种试样两次独立平行测定结果均比较接近,t检验法(取置信水平α=0.05)结果表明两次测定结果均无显著性差异.综上表明该方法线性关系好,检出限低,回收率高,精密度好,可准确测定铝塑包装材料及类似材料中的Pb,Cr,Cd,As含量.     

Multiphase thermoplastic hybrid for controlled release of antimicrobial essential oils in active packaging film

Active packaging, a new technology concept in the field of food packaging, has been introduced in recent years in order to provide quality and safety, as well as extend the shelf life of food products. Antimicrobial (AM) agents can be incorporated directly into the active packaging and migrate in a controlled manner to the headspace between the food and the package, inhibiting bacteria growth on the food surface. Naturally derived AM agent, such as essential oils (EOs), has received considerable attention for food preservation purposes, because of their effective AM activity against various bacteria and fungi. In the present study, AM active film systems based on polypropylene/polyamide blends, montmorillonite nanoclays, and thymol EO were produced to investigate the feasibility of controlling the release rate of thymol from food packaging systems. Selective localization of thymol in a specific phase in the system that derives from thermodynamic affinity was assumed to be useful in controlling its migration rate from the film to the headspace. EO retention in the film under two different time conditions was measured by spectroscopic analysis. The release rate of EO was determined using Gas chromatography technique and analyzed by diffusion model approach. Inhibition of bacterial growth was periodically tested for Listeria and Escherichia coli bacteria. This study confirms the thermodynamic affinity of polyamide phase with thymol that has a positive effect in retaining the EO. Results show controlled AM behavior of the active packaging films, based on various blend compositions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单分散的二氧化硅微球表面印迹壳层的制备及其对食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸二苄酯的检测

以邻苯二甲酸二苄酯(DBz P)为模板,以Stber和"种子生长法"相结合获得的二氧化硅微球为载体,采用表面印迹技术成功制备了纳米印迹壳层(MIPs)。采用红外光谱与扫描电镜对其结构和形貌进行表征,同时进行了一系列的吸附性能实验,结果表明,MIPs达到平衡吸附的时间约为30 min,吸附行为符合伪二级动力学。等温吸附实验结果表明,室温条件下MIPs的最大吸附量达47.35 mg/g。对不同温度条件下的等温实验数据进行拟合发现,Langmuir模型与实验数据的吻合度比Freundlich模型更高;Scatchard拟合结果证实该印迹壳层仅含1种结合位点,且印迹位点为均相分布。选择性吸附实验表明MIPs对DBz P的吸附明显高于其他结构类似物。MIPs经10次循环吸附后,吸附效率为83%,表明MIPs具有较长的使用寿命。采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)技术,以MIPs为吸附剂提取食品包装材料中的DBzP,其加标回收率为88.8%~93.1%,相对标准偏差低于6%。MIPs可作为食品及其包装材料中DBz P提取的备选材料。     

基于焦耳热的光纤布喇格光栅电压传感器研究

设计了一种基于焦耳热的新型光纤布喇格光栅电压传感器以用于小电压的精确监测.实验中通过真空蒸镀法在光栅周围镀上一层金属镍,并将光栅密闭封装在充满气凝胶的铜管中.电压传感通过所镀金属镍层在通电过程中产生的焦耳热引起栅区温度升高,导致光纤光栅反射谱中心波长漂移,从而实现电压与光纤光栅中心波长漂移量的变换.实验表明,封装后的直流电压灵敏度达到520pm/V2,并可用于较低频率的交流传感,且系统结构简单、精度高、易于实现.     

以改进的迈克尔逊干涉仪测量LED封装材料的热膨胀系数

LED封装材料在封装的过程中由于热膨胀的缘故会产生应力,将对LED的发光效率产生较大影响。改装的迈克尔逊干涉仪用于测量二氧化钛/有机硅复合的LED封装材料在不同温度范围内的热膨胀系数,具有测量准确,分辨率高等优点。     

二极管激光器阵列封装工艺对smile效应影响因素分析

Smile效应是限制二极管激光器阵列应用的一个重要因素。研究了激光器封装工艺对smile效应的影响,研究结果表明,造成smile效应的因素主要有两个:一是焊接过程中芯片的焊接压力不均匀;二是芯片与热沉的热膨胀系数不匹配。使用低膨胀系数的压条可以改善焊接过程中芯片压力的均匀性,而增大焊料凝固过程中的降温速率可以降低芯片与热沉的收缩量的差距,这两种方法都有利于改善smile效应。最后通过实验结果证明了以上方法在实际操作中是可行有效的。