氮掺杂碳纳米管包覆碳化硅作为不含金属的催化剂(英文)

A hierarchical metal-free catalyst consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes decorated onto a silicon carbide (N-CNTs/SiC) macroscopic host structure was prepared. The influence of N-CNTs incorporation on the physical properties of the support was evaluated using different characterization techniques. The catalyst was tested as a metal-free catalyst in the selective oxidation of H2S and steam-free dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. The N-CNTs/SiC catalyst exhibited extremely good desulfurization performance compared to a Fe2O3/SiC catalyst under less conducive reaction conditions such as low temperature, high space velocity, and a low O2-to-H2S molar ratio. For the dehy-drogenation of ethylbenzene, a higher dehydrogenation activity was obtained with the N-CNTs/SiC catalyst compared to a commercial K-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst. The N-CNTs/SiC catalyst also displayed good stability as a function of time on stream for both reactions, which was attributed to the strong anchoring of the nitrogen dopant in the carbon matrix. The extrudate shape of the SiC support allowed the direct macroscopic shaping of the catalyst for use in a conventional fixed-bed reactor without the problems of catalyst handling, transportation, and pressure drop across the catalyst bed that are encountered with nanoscopic carbon-based catalysts.     

One-pot dehydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under mild conditions

Carboxylic acid derivatives such as N-acyl-2-oxazolidones, δ-lactones, and δ-lactams were smoothly dehydrogenated to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in one-pot manner at −78 °C just by treating their lithium enolates with N-tert-butylbenzenesulfinimidoyl chloride.     

烷烃脱氢制烯烃用碳催化剂的微结构和表面化学调控研究进展(英文)

烯烃是重要的大宗有机化工原料,广泛用于塑料、树脂、橡胶等高分子材料和基础有机化工产品和中间体的生产.同时,烯烃也是重要的精细化工原料和中间体,广泛用于染料、医药、香料、农用化学品、水性油墨和感光树脂等精细化工领域.长链烯烃通常是由小分子烯烃聚合制得,而小分子烯烃和苯乙烯的合成在学术界和工业界备受关注.在脱氢、裂解、脱水等诸多合成方法中,烷烃脱氢制烯烃是直接而中的路线,包括直接脱氢和氧化脱氢.小分子烷烃和乙苯催化脱氢制备对应的烯烃,尤其是乙苯制苯乙烯,目前工业上主要采用铁基催化剂催化直接脱氢工艺.积炭失活是该工艺面临的严峻挑战.工业上采用引入大量过热水蒸气的方法来解决这一难题,同时,还可以为脱氢反应提供热量.但是,这势必造成巨大的能耗和反应器容积效率的显著降低.氧化脱氢工艺是放热反应,并可有效抑制积炭,但又存在过氧化所致的低选择性的问题.直接脱氢和氧化脱氢各有利弊.目前,科学家和工业界都在扬长避短,开展两种脱氢工艺的新结构高性能催化剂的研究,并取得了长足进展.碳催化是近年来发展起来的一类重要的无机非金属固相催化剂,在光催化、电催化,以及热催化领域得到了广泛关注同时也是材料领域研究的前沿和热点.碳材料,尤其是纳米碳,在诸多反应中展示出了比常规金属催化剂更好的催化性能,且具有可持续的特征.因此,碳催化具有广阔的发展空间和巨大的应用前景.众所周知,固体催化剂的催化性能重要依赖于催化剂表面催化活性位的性质及其可及性.元素组成、化学状态及缺陷边角特征决定着活性位的性质,而形貌、尺寸、形状、纹理、表面结构等催化剂的微结构特征决定着固相催化剂活性位的可及性.因此,探索有效的方法和策略,来调节固相催化剂的微结构和表面化学性质,已成为催化学术研究的热点领域.碳材料的表界面和边角的官能团和结构缺陷是催化反应的活性位.对于烷烃脱氢反应,碳材料的表界面羰基和结构缺陷是催化剂的活性位,而杂原子掺杂可以调控活性位的电子结构.本文综述了烷烃脱氢用碳催化剂微结构和表面化学调控方法和效果的最新研究进展,并讨论了烷烃脱氢碳催化材料的微结构和表面化学性质调控的重要性和严峻挑战.通过碳材料合成中前驱体的优选、合成方法和策略的创新,以及通过后处理的方法,均可有效调控碳催化剂的微结构和表面化学性质,从而调控其烷烃脱氢催化性能.碳催化用于烷烃脱氢反应制烯烃,尤其是直接脱氢,前景看好.目前,研究的碳催化剂多为粉末状,用于固定床,存在流体阻力大、压力降高、操作困难的问题,并有可能阻塞床层,造成安全隐患;用于流化床,粉末碳易于团聚,催化剂过滤分离困难,流失严重.纳米碳基整体式催化剂可以是碳催化的未来发展方向.但是,目前才刚刚起步.碳基整体式催化剂活性单元本身可及活性位的性质及活性单元的分散性、抗脱落性和整体式催化剂的机械强度、导热性等诸多问题需要深入研究和探讨.总之,碳催化烷烃脱氢,尤其是无氧化剂、无水蒸气条件下的直接脱氢,是经济、节能、清洁、高效的烯烃生产方法,具有广阔的发展空间和美好前景.微结构和化学性质的调变是调控固相催化剂催化活性位性质和可接近性的重要方法,碳催化材料及整体式催化剂的碳基活性单元微结构和化学性质的调控是实现其催化性能调控的有效策略.     

Catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclooctane with neutral iridium(I) complexes

A series of new 1,5-cyclooctadiene iridium(I) complexes with chelating ligands has been synthesized. The ligands are naphthoxyimines, carboxylates and alcoholates. The complexes catalyze the homogeneous dehydrogenation of cyclooctane to give cyclooctene and hydrogen without an external hydrogen acceptor up to rates of 75 turnovers. The catalysts are active for at least 48 h at a temperature of 300 °C. The ligand structure has an influence on the activity and selectivity of the corresponding catalysts.     

Synthesis of poly-substituted benzenes starting from Baylis-Hillman adducts: DBU-assisted unusual dehydrogenation

Poly-substituted benzenes were synthesized in moderate yields starting from the Baylis-Hillman adducts. The synthesis was carried out by two steps via first synthesis of cyclohexene intermediates and the following DBU-assisted unusual dehydrogenation.     

机械球磨固相化学反应制备AlH3及其放氢性能

以LiAlH4和AlCl3为原料, 采用机械球磨固相化学反应方法制备了铝氢化合物, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、热分析(TG-DSC)和质谱(MS)分析等方法对反应产物进行分析和表征, 研究了不同球磨时间(4、8、15和20 h)对LiAlH4+AlCl体系的固相反应转变规律﹑合成产物和放氢性能的影响. 研究结果表明, 随球磨时间的增加, 球磨固相反应按3LiAlH4+AlCl3→4AlH3+3LiCl方向进行, 形成了非晶态铝氢化合物AlH3, 球磨20 h时反应基本完全. 球磨产物的放氢动力学特性随球磨时间增加而改善, 其放氢起始温度均低于100 ℃, 最大放氢量达到2.6%-3.6%(H2)(w), 接近反应体系的理论储氢量4.85%(H2)(w). 球磨过程中反应产物形成LiCl·H2O以及少量AlH3发生分解是影响球磨产物最大放氢量的主要因素.     

1,2-Dehydrogenation of steroidal 6-methylen derivatives. Synthesis of exemestane

The development of an efficient dehydration method of steroidal 4-en-3-ones by using chloranil and BSTFA in the presence of triflic acid in refluxing toluene allowed us, starting from testosterone, to set a large-scale procedure for the synthesis of the anti-cancer drug exemestane in 70% overall yield.     

Synthetic approaches to activated pyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indoles: synthesis of 6,8-dimethoxy pyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indole

6,8-Dimethoxypyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indole 25 has been formed by the dehydrogenation of the related tetrahydro compound 23, which in turn was formed by reduction of the related isatin 22. Approaches to achieve the cyclisation of N-hydroxyethylindoles, N-dimethylacetamidoindoles, and C7-substituted chloroacetylindoles were unsuccessful.     

醇脱氢制酯Cu/Zn/Al/Zr催化剂的表征

醇脱氢制酯Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ／Ａｌ／Ｚｒ催化剂的表征温涛潘伟雄孙旭辉（清华大学化学系Ｃ１国家重点实验室，北京１０００８４）关键词Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ／Ａｌ／Ｚｒ催化剂，乙醇，乙酸乙酯，脱氢，表征分类号Ｏ６４３／ＴＱ４２自Ｅｌｉｏｔｔ等［１］报道在Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ／Ａｌ催化...