全文获取类型
收费全文 | 44455篇 |
免费 | 2189篇 |
国内免费 | 3359篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 32404篇 |
晶体学 | 280篇 |
力学 | 619篇 |
综合类 | 665篇 |
数学 | 6849篇 |
物理学 | 9186篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 518篇 |
2022年 | 570篇 |
2021年 | 1503篇 |
2020年 | 930篇 |
2019年 | 1040篇 |
2018年 | 867篇 |
2017年 | 903篇 |
2016年 | 1018篇 |
2015年 | 1047篇 |
2014年 | 1510篇 |
2013年 | 2610篇 |
2012年 | 2374篇 |
2011年 | 2088篇 |
2010年 | 1889篇 |
2009年 | 2405篇 |
2008年 | 2568篇 |
2007年 | 2843篇 |
2006年 | 2213篇 |
2005年 | 1555篇 |
2004年 | 1509篇 |
2003年 | 1328篇 |
2002年 | 3750篇 |
2001年 | 1405篇 |
2000年 | 1001篇 |
1999年 | 884篇 |
1998年 | 882篇 |
1997年 | 602篇 |
1996年 | 674篇 |
1995年 | 559篇 |
1994年 | 547篇 |
1993年 | 572篇 |
1992年 | 593篇 |
1991年 | 363篇 |
1990年 | 302篇 |
1989年 | 242篇 |
1988年 | 241篇 |
1987年 | 202篇 |
1986年 | 212篇 |
1985年 | 320篇 |
1984年 | 240篇 |
1983年 | 143篇 |
1982年 | 290篇 |
1981年 | 468篇 |
1980年 | 429篇 |
1979年 | 468篇 |
1978年 | 368篇 |
1977年 | 278篇 |
1976年 | 237篇 |
1974年 | 76篇 |
1973年 | 152篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Copper bromide was used as a catalyst for the addition of pyrroles to enones. When both the reactants were used in equimolar amounts, mono and dialkylated products were obtained. However, the use of excess enone furnished only dialkylated products. Thus, copper bromide was shown to be an efficient catalyst for the dialkylation of pyrroles. 相似文献
52.
F. Balibrea 《Topology and its Applications》2006,153(12):2092-2095
Recently, Forti, Paganoni and Smítal constructed an example of a triangular map of the unite square, F(x,y)=(f(x),g(x,y)), possessing periodic orbits of all periods and such that no infinite ω-limit set of F contains a periodic point. In this note we show that the above quoted map F has a homoclinic orbit. As a consequence, we answer in the negative the problem presented by A.N. Sharkovsky in the eighties whether, for a triangular map of the square, existence of a homoclinic orbit implies the existence of an infinite ω-limit set containing a periodic point. It is well known that, for a continuous map of the interval, the answer is positive. 相似文献
53.
M. Brando N. Büttgen V. Fritsch J. Hemberger H. Kaps H.-A. Krug von Nidda M. Nicklas K. Pucher W. Trinkl A. Loidl E.W. Scheidt M. Klemm S. Horn 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,25(3):289-298
We present susceptibility, microwave resistivity, NMR and heat-capacity results for Li1-xZnx(V1-yTiy)2O4 with 0 ?
x
? 0.3 and 0 ?
y
? 0.3. For all doping levels the susceptibility curves can be fitted with a Curie-Weiss law. The paramagnetic Curie-Weiss temperatures
remain negative with an average value close to that of the pure compound Θ≈ - 36 K. Spin-glass anomalies are observed in the susceptibility, heat-capacity and NMR measurements for both type of dopants.
From the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate we found critical-dynamic behavior in the Zn doped compounds
at the freezing temperatures. For the Ti-doped samples two successive freezing transitions into disordered low-temperature
states can be detected. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity for Zn-doped compounds does not resemble that of canonical
spin glasses and only a small fraction of the total vanadium entropy is frozen at the spin-glass transitions. For pure LiV2O4 the spin-glass transition is completely suppressed. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity for LiV2O4 can be described using a nuclear Schottky contribution and the non-Fermi liquid model, appropriate for a system close to
a spin-glass quantum critical point. Finally an (
x
/
y
,
T
)-phase diagram for the low-doping regime is presented.
Received 16 March 2001 and Received in final form 30 October 2001 相似文献
54.
离子交换富集-导数火焰原子吸收法测定自来水中Cu,Fe和Zn 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文研究了用 2 0 1× 7阳离子交换树脂对自来水中的微量元素进行交换富集 ,采用微量脉冲进样 导数火焰原子吸收法测定富集后溶液中的Cu ,Fe和Zn ,该方法灵敏度分别为 0 2 9,0 5 9和 0 0 6 μg·L- 1 ,精密度分别为 4 2 8% ,1 95 %和 2 2 8% ,检测限分别为 1 2 8,5 85和 0 6 8μg·L- 1 ,回收率分别为 91 13% ,10 1 34%和99 84 % ,本方法大大减少了需样量 ,简便快速 ,灵敏度高。 相似文献
55.
关新民 《新疆大学学报(理工版)》2002,19(1):95-99
介绍了采用MATLAB V5.2提供的模糊逻辑工具箱来设计研究电孤纺电极调节系统中的模糊--PD控制器,讨论了在SIMULINK环境下模糊-PD控制器的参数自调速原理、结构、建立模糊控制规则库和模糊推论方法,并给出仿真结果与结论。 相似文献
56.
B.I. Sturman A.S. Gorkunova K.H. Ringhofer 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2003,23(2):291-297
We investigate analytically and numerically the influence of the type of the photorefractive nonlinear response on the periodic
states (attractors) which occur during feedback controlled 2W-coupling and correspond to almost 100% diffraction efficiency
of the dynamic index grating. In addition to the case of the local response typical, for example, for LiNbO3 crystals we consider the cases of nonlocal (diffusive) response (BaTiO3, SBN) and resonant response (DC-biased BSO, BTO, and BGO crystals). It is shown that the conditions for the transition to
the periodic states and their apparent characteristics are strongly different for the two limiting cases above.
Received 16 July 2002 / Received in final form 29 October 2002 Published online 4 March 2003 相似文献
57.
We predict ultraslow collapse of “tubular image states” (TIS) on material surfaces. TIS are bound Rydberg-like electronic states formed at large distances (∼30 nm) from the surfaces of suspended circularly-symmetric nanowires, such as metallic C nanotubes. The states are formed in potential wells, resulting from a combination of the TIS-electron attraction to image charges in the nanotube and its centrifugal repulsion, caused by spinning around the tube. We demonstrate that TIS can collapse on the tube surface by passing their angular momentum l to circularly polarized flexural phonons excited in the tube. Our analysis shows that for highly detached TIS with l ? 6 the relaxation lifetimes are of the order of 10 ns-1 μs, while for l < 6 these lifetimes are reduced by several orders of magnitude. 相似文献
58.
Marcelino Maneiro Manuel R. Bermejo M. Isabel Fernndez Ana M. Gonzlez‐Noya Alexei M. Tyryshkin Robin G. Pritchard 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2003,629(2):285-290
A new MnIII‐Schiff base complex, [MnL(OH2)](ClO4) ( 1 ) (H2L = N, N′‐bis‐(3‐Br‐5‐Cl‐salicylidene)‐1, 2‐diimino‐2‐methylethane), an inorganic model of the catalytic center (OEC, Oxygen Evolving Complex) in photosystem II (PSII), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility measurement and the study of its redox properties by cyclic and normal pulse voltammetry. This complex mimics reactivity (showing a relevant photolytic activity), and also some structural characteristics (parallel‐mode MnIII EPR signal from partially assembled OEC cluster) of the natural OEC. The complex 1 was found to rearrange in solution into a crystallographically solved square‐pyramidal complex, [MnLL′] ( 2 ) (HL′ = 6‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐2‐cyanophenol), through a process, which probably liberates radical species (detected by EPR), and provokes a C—N bond cleavage in the ligand. A photo‐radical mechanism is discussed to explain this rearrangement. 相似文献
59.
The title compound (C2H7NO·C7H4N2O6) has been obtained by the reaction of etha- nolamine with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid in deionized water at room temperature. The crystal crystal- lizes in orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 6.048(2), b = 9.146(3), c = 21.955(7)(A), C9H11N3O7, Mr = 273.21, Z = 4, V = 1214.3(7)(A)3, Dc = 1.494 g/cm3, F(000) = 568, μ(MoKα) = 0.131 mm-1, R1 = 0.0338 and wR2 = 0.0497. The new organic adduct is composed of one ethanolamine and one 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, which are linked up by O-H…O and N-H…O types of hydrogen bonds to form a nine-membered ring and an eleven-membered ring, extending into a one-dimensional network structure. 相似文献
60.
室温下,通过双核配合物[Cu(dppm)(NO3)]2(dppm=双二苯基膦甲烷)与四苯基硼钠在甲醇和二氯甲烷混合溶剂中反应制备了三核铜(I)配合物[Cu3(dppm)3(NO3)(OH)](NO3),经过红外光谱、热重分析、核磁和ES-MS等现代分析手段表征了配合物的物理化学性质,并进一步研究了配合物在室温下的荧光光谱特征。 相似文献